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Governance effect by local government on the regional development in modern China

近代中国地方政府对区域发展的治理作用

基本信息

批准号：
15605006
负责人：
KIKUCHI Michiki
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Hosei University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2003
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2003 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-15605006/
关键词：
governance regional development privatization local government market mechanism regional economic area province of Zhujiang city of Wenzhou 上海市市場経済体制

项目摘要

In modern China, it was not until 1999 that the property rights of private enterprises were legally guaranteed by the Constitution. Even before that date, however, private enterprises had grown remarkably in some provinces as many villages of the Wenzhou area in southern Zhujina province. Some towns and villages such as in southern parts of Jiangsu province, or the town of Da qiu zhuang in Tien jin City, and that of Yang shu fang in the suburbs of Da lian city have been well known as most rich and welfare regions in rural China. Collective owned enterprises, though their property was very ambiguous, contributed to realize their industrialization and to raise the level of habitants of those regions.In the period of transition toward the market mechanism system, legal system and rules have not been so completely established that all kinds of trade have always been uncertain and risky. Under such circumstances, not only private enterprises but collective enterprises have been only able to rely on authorities of local government. Local government at the level of town and village in China has been, on the one hand, the smallest organization of state, and a component of community on the other hand. The leaders of local government have been expected to solve the problems that have been caused in the process of business and to supply the favorable conditions for economic activity in order to raise the level of income of inhabitants. They will have lost their dignity and chances to rise in rank, if they couldn't have helped their inhabitants. So the leaders have been substantially under the supervision of inhabitants.On the side of leaders, they have monitored the operations of collective and private enterprises. Such a reciprocal governance among the local government, enterprises and inhabitants has been fundamental driving force for the economic success of the region.

在现代中国，直到1999年，私营企业的产权才得到宪法的法律保障。然而，甚至在此之前，私营企业在一些省份（如南部朱吉纳省温州地区的许多村庄）就已显着增长。江苏省南部的一些乡镇、天津市的大邱庄镇、大连市郊区的杨树坊镇等，被誉为中国农村最富裕、最福利的地区。集体所有制企业虽然产权很模糊，但有助于实现工业化，提高当地居民的生活水平。在向市场机制体制转型时期，法律体系和规则尚未健全，各类贸易始终具有不确定性和风险性。在这种情况下，无论是私营企业，还是集体企业，都只能依赖当地政府的权威。中国乡镇一级的地方政府一方面是最小的国家组织，另一方面又是社区的组成部分。人们期望地方政府领导人解决商业过程中出现的问题，为经济活动提供有利的条件，以提高居民的收入水平。如果他们不能帮助他们的居民，他们就会失去尊严和晋升的机会。因此，领导者实质上是受到居民的监督。而在领导者方面，他们监督集体企业和私营企业的运作。这种地方政府、企业和居民之间的互惠治理是该地区经济成功的根本动力。