A synthetic community approach to test how energy and matter fluxes are modulated by trophic interactions and the primary energy substrate in soil

一种综合群落方法，用于测试营养相互作用和土壤中的主要能量底物如何调节能量和物质通量

• 批准号: 465065038
• 负责人: Dr. Katharina Huber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Priority Programmes
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/465065038?language=en
• 关键词: synthetic; community; approach; test; how

Soils are essential to sustain life in terrestrial ecosystems. However, a conceptual framework that describes how the structural and functional diversity of the soil microbiome and its interaction to higher trophic levels influences energy and matter fluxes in soil is still largely missing. We propose to use a synthetic soil community reflecting the major microbial taxa and microbial grazers in soil to study causal relationships between the energy and matter input to soils, the structure and function of the soil microbiome, and the resulting energy and matter fluxes. A 25-member synthetic soil community was designed for this purpose consisting of members of the Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi and Gemmatimonadetes as well as a typical soil ascomycete. Grazers will be represented by bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes as well as bacterivorous myxobacteria. The proposed work will be performed in two work packages (WP). In WP1, we will test in a joint multidisciplinary research platform with six other SPP partners hypothesis A of the SPP: The microbiome modulates energy dissipation and matter turnover along various energy use channels. The focus of this proposal will be to analyze the effect of bacteria-feeding grazers and grazer competition on the microbiome structure and resulting carbon fluxes, carbon pools, and heat dissipation using the synthetic soil community approach. In parallel, we will identify effects of functional groups of grazers (bacterial vs. fungal) on microbiome structure, carbon fluxes, and heat dissipation in a natural soil community setting. In WP2, we will use the synthetic soil community approach to test hypothesis B of the SPP: Energy and matter input, discharge, and consumption in the soil system affect biological complexity. Here, we aim to understand how model substrates with different energy yield and degradability (cellulose, starch) affect the structure of the synthetic soil community, with and without the influence of grazers. Furthermore, we will explore how the primary energy substrate shapes chemical defense mechanisms (secondary metabolites) expressed by microbiome members and indirectly impacts carbon fluxes and pools as well as heat dissipation. We propose that a synthetic soil community will be an essential step towards a concept-driven understanding of ecological interactions in soils. It will help to reduce the overwhelming complexity of natural microbial communities while providing defined structure-function relationships in a controlled setup. This true systems ecology approach will contribute to understand how energy and carbon flow is modulated by the soil microbiome & higher trophic levels (WP1) and the primary energy substrate (WP2).

土壤对维持陆地生态系统中的生命至关重要。然而，描述土壤微生物群的结构和功能多样性及其与更高营养水平的相互作用如何影响土壤中能量和物质通量的概念框架在很大程度上仍然缺失。我们建议利用反映土壤中主要微生物类群和微生物食草动物的合成土壤群落来研究土壤能量和物质输入之间的因果关系，土壤微生物群的结构和功能，以及由此产生的能量和物质通量。为此设计了一个25个成员的合成土壤群落，包括变形菌门、酸性菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门、Verrucomicrobia、Chloroflexi和Gemmatimonadetes的成员以及典型的土壤子囊菌。食草动物将以细菌性和真菌性线虫以及细菌性粘菌为代表。拟议的工作将在两个工作包（WP）中进行。在WP1中，我们将与其他六个SPP合作伙伴在一个多学科联合研究平台上验证SPP的假设a：微生物组通过各种能量利用渠道调节能量耗散和物质周转。本研究的重点是利用合成土壤群落方法，分析以细菌为食的食草动物和食草动物竞争对土壤微生物群结构、碳通量、碳库和散热的影响。同时，我们将确定食草动物的功能群（细菌与真菌）对自然土壤群落环境中微生物组结构、碳通量和散热的影响。在WP2中，我们将使用合成土壤群落方法来检验SPP的假设B：土壤系统中能量和物质的输入、排放和消耗影响生物复杂性。在这里，我们的目的是了解不同能量产率和可降解性的模式基质（纤维素、淀粉）在有和没有食草动物影响的情况下如何影响合成土壤群落的结构。此外，我们将探索初级能量底物如何塑造微生物组成员表达的化学防御机制（次级代谢物），并间接影响碳通量和池以及散热。我们提出，合成土壤群落将是迈向概念驱动的土壤生态相互作用理解的重要一步。它将有助于减少天然微生物群落的压倒性复杂性，同时在受控设置中提供定义的结构-功能关系。这种真正的系统生态学方法将有助于理解能量和碳流是如何被土壤微生物组和更高营养水平（WP1）和初级能量基质（WP2）调节的。