Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions and Social Context Analysis for Safe Events

由于采取了控制SARS-CoV-2的措施，节日，音乐会和体育赛事等活动受到严重限制。事件作为社会环境和背景履行着重要的社会功能。它们促进社会交流、文化创新、政治参与，并提供社会心理救济。尽管这些活动在经济、文化和社会方面具有重要意义，但迄今为止还没有找到一个令人信服的重新开放概念，这主要是由于社会、技术和组织因素的相互作用，这使得即使在SARS-CoV-2大流行之前，活动的规划和实现也变得复杂。然而，迄今为止，还没有一个科学公认的方案来评估重新开放活动的概念，供活动组织者、审批当局和活动服务提供者用作面向事实的指导。NORMALISE旨在填补这一空白，并侧重于人群安全和职业健康与安全的社会和组织背景下的事件。一个成功的非药物干预（NPI）的感染预防不仅需要是有效的，而且是可行的（使实施）和可接受的（使人们更有可能合作）。为了增强在事件的复杂社会技术环境中评估NPI预防感染的能力，将使用混合方法设计：基于文献综述和半结构化专家访谈的见解，将确定安全重新开放事件的相关NPI。第二步，将检查这些干预措施的可接受性、可行性和有效性。一项具有代表性的在线人口调查将评估对实施与活动相关的国家体育促进机构的接受程度。将在由利益攸关方参加的研讨会上评估活动背景下措施的可行性和有效性。NORMALISE将提供科学和实用的结果，以恢复复杂的社会技术背景“活动”及其重要的社会和文化功能。作为一项科学成果，将开发一种时间、事实和社会系统化方法，用于确定（大流行）危机期间组织决策和途径的解释性“模式变量”。此外，还将制定一个多维方案，用于评估NPI预防事件相关感染的可接受性、可行性和有效性。该计划作为一个科学证实的基线为社会，技术和组织嵌入式NPI的实施。该项目建立在两个跨学科的研究项目的事件安全和保障的主要研究者之前的研究。因此，NORMALISE将受益于与活动部门的长期和信任的联系，并可以立即与相关利益相关者联系。

Events like festivals, concerts and sports events have been severely curtailed because of the measures taken to contain SARS-CoV-2. Events as social settings and contexts fulfill important societal functions. They enable social exchange, cultural innovation, political participation, and provide socio-psychological relief. Despite the economic, cultural, and societal importance of events, a lastingly convincing re-opening concept has not yet been found. Not least, this is due to interacting social, technical and organizational components, which made events complex in planning and realization even before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, so far there is no scientifically recognized scheme for the evaluation of concepts for the reopening of events, which event organizers, approving authorities, and event service providers could use for fact-oriented guidance. NORMALISE aims to fill this gap and focuses on both crowd safety and occupational health and safety in the social and organizational context of events.A successful non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) for infection prevention does not only need to be effective, but also to be feasible (to enable implementation) and acceptable (to make people cooperate more likely). In order to enhance the ability to assess NPIs for the prevention of infections in the complex socio-technical setting of events on a substantiated basis, a mixed-method-design will be used: Based on insights of a literature review and semi-structured expert interviews, relevant NPIs for safe re-opening of events will be identified. In a second step, these interventions will be checked for acceptability, feasibility, and effectivity. A representative online population survey will assess the acceptance of the implementation of event related NPIs. Feasibility and effectivity of measures in event contexts will be evaluated in workshops comprising stakeholders.NORMALISE will deliver scientific and practical results in order to revive the complex socio-technical setting “event” and its important social and cultural function. As a scientific result, a temporal, factual and social systematization for the identification of explanatory “pattern variables” for organizational decisions and pathways during (pandemic) crises will be developed. Additionally, a multidimensional scheme for the evaluation of acceptance, feasibility, and effectiveness of NPIs for event-related infection prevention will be developed. This scheme serves as a scientifically substantiated baseline for socially, technically and organizationally embedded implementation of NPIs.The project builds on prior research of the principal investigator in two transdisciplinary research projects on event safety and security. Therefore, NORMALISE will benefit from the longstanding and trustful connections to the event sector and immediate access to relevant stakeholders will be possible.