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Quantitative evaluation of differences in cultivar and fertilization to drought resistance of rice by stomata and soil water changes

利用气孔和土壤水分变化定量评价品种和施肥差异对水稻抗旱性的影响

基本信息

批准号：
14560010
负责人：
FUJII Michihiko
金额：
$ 1.98万
依托单位：
Shizuoka University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of water stress on the growth of rice by the measurements of stomata and soil water, and to clarify the differences in cultivar and fertilization to drought resistance quantitatively. Rice was grown in field under vinyl house and water stress was given with suspending irrigation. Besides Asian rice, NERICA (New Rice for Africa) lines were tested. Stomatal conductance, soil water content of each depth, top dry weight and root characteristics were measured and relationships between them were compared. There were large differences in dry weight and yield among NERICA lines, some showed higher growth than drought resistant Asian rice cultivars. Cultivars and lines with high growth showed high stomatal conductance. There was negative correlation between soil water content and dry weight in Asian rice cultivars, and in cultivars that showed high growth water absorption was high. In NERICA lines on the contrary there was no correlation between them, and it seems that there is large difference in water use efficiency among NERICA lines and that some lines with low water absorption show high growth by high water use efficiency. In Asian rice cultivars there was correlation between dry matter production and root characteristics, but in NERICA lines there was no correlation between them. Drought resistant cultivars in Asian rice showed high growth by absorbing much water. In NERICA lines on the contrary variation in water use efficiency is large and some seem to show high growth with small water absorption, and they seem to be appropriate for the long term cultivation in dry region. By adding compost in low fertilizer level, water stress was reduced and dry matter production was maintained high.

本研究的目的是通过测定气孔和土壤水分来评价水分胁迫对水稻生长的影响，并定量地阐明品种和施肥对水稻抗旱性的差异。水稻大田采用大棚栽培，水分胁迫采用悬浮灌溉。除了亚洲水稻，还测试了NERICA(非洲新水稻)品系。测定了气孔导度、各深度土壤含水率、地上部干重和根系性状，并比较了它们之间的关系。NERICA品系间的干重和产量差异较大，有些品系的生长速度高于抗旱亚洲水稻品种。高生长品种和品系的气孔导度较高。亚洲水稻品种的土壤水分与干重呈负相关，表现为高生长吸水率的品种土壤水分含量与干重呈负相关。而在NERICA品系中则相反，它们之间没有相关性，似乎不同品系间的水分利用效率存在较大差异，一些吸水率低的品系通过高水分利用效率表现出高生长。在亚洲水稻品种中，干物质生产与根系性状之间存在相关性，而在NERICA品系中，二者之间不存在相关性。亚洲水稻抗旱品种吸水能力强，生长旺盛。NERICA品系则相反，水分利用效率变异大，有的表现为高生长、小吸水率，适合旱地长期栽培。在低肥水平下添加堆肥，缓解了水分胁迫，保持了较高的干物质产量。