Coordination Funds

协调基金

• 批准号: 467206044
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Matthias Kadler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Astronomie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/467206044?language=en
• 关键词: Coordination; Funds

Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) can form powerful collimated relativistic outflows, called jets, which carry a fraction of the total gravitational energy released during the accretion of matter onto a supermassive black hole (SMBH). AGN jets emit brightly across the electromagnetic spectrum, often exhibit apparent superluminal motion, and are involved in the regulation of star formation and galaxy evolution via AGN feedback in the interstellar medium (ISM). Beyond the galaxy scale, AGN jets play a dominant role in heating the intracluster medium (ICM) and cause a substantial impact on the evolution of galaxy clusters and cosmological structure formation. The formation of jets addresses long-standing fundamental physics questions related to the extraction of rotational energy from the central SMBH and the formation of hydromagnetic flows from accretion disks around such compact objects. Imaging of AGN jets is now possible in the radio band using Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at millimetre wavelengths, yielding unprecedented angular resolution of the jet-launching zone. It is now clear that AGN jets are emerging from SMBHs with foot points as small as a few gravitational radii, and very-high-energy gamma-ray observations have demonstrated the existence of emission regions even smaller than one gravitational radius. Recently, AGN jets have been associated with very-high energy neutrinos and are among the most likely candidates for the long sought-after sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. These impressive observational breakthroughs within only a few years have moved AGN jets into the focus of modern astroparticle physics. However, fundamental questions regarding their composition, formation, collimation, and dissipation are still open: 1.How are relativistic jets launched from the vicinity of supermassive black holes? How are they accelerated and collimated? 2.Which radiative and dynamic processes govern the high-energy emission of AGN jets and what are AGN jets composed of? 3.How do AGN jets interact with their host galaxy? How does AGN feedback heat the ICM and which are the observational signatures?This research group brings together world-leading experts on theory, modeling, observation, and interpretation of all relevant angles of AGN-jet physics to deliver answers to these questions in the light of game-changing new observational information collected by the latest astronomical facilities at all observational wavelengths.

活动星系核（AGN）可以形成强大的准直相对论外流，称为喷流，它携带了物质吸积到超大质量黑洞（SMBH）时释放的总引力能量的一小部分。活动星系核喷流发出明亮的电磁波谱，经常表现出明显的超光速运动，并通过活动星系核在星际介质（ISM）中的反馈参与调节星星的形成和星系演化。 在星系尺度之外，活动星系核喷流在加热团内介质（ICM）方面起着主导作用，并对星系团的演化和宇宙结构的形成产生重要影响。喷流的形成解决了长期存在的基本物理问题，这些问题涉及从中央SMBH提取旋转能量以及从这种紧凑物体周围的吸积盘形成磁流体流。现在可以使用毫米波长的甚长基线干涉测量法在无线电波段对活动星系核喷流进行成像，从而对喷流发射区产生前所未有的角分辨率。 现在很清楚，活动星系核喷流是从小到几个引力半径的小尺度黑洞中出现的，而极高能伽马射线观测已经证明了甚至小于一个引力半径的发射区的存在。 最近，活动星系核喷流已经与非常高的能量中微子联系在一起，并且是最有可能成为长期以来备受追捧的超高能宇宙射线源的候选者之一。这些令人印象深刻的观测突破在短短几年内已经移动AGN喷流成为现代天体粒子物理学的焦点。然而，关于它们的组成，形成，准直和耗散的基本问题仍然是开放的：1.相对论喷流是如何从超大质量黑洞附近发射的？它们是如何加速和准直的？2.活动星系核喷流的高能辐射和动力学过程是什么？活动星系核喷流是由什么组成的？3.活动星系核喷流是如何与它们的宿主星系相互作用的？活动星系核的反馈是如何加热ICM的？哪些是观测信号？该研究小组汇集了世界领先的理论，建模，观测和解释活动星系核喷流物理学所有相关角度的专家，根据最新天文设施在所有观测波长收集的改变游戏规则的新观测信息来回答这些问题。