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高温水溶液を用いた廃プラスチックの再資源化とPVCの脱塩化水素処理

废塑料回收利用高温水溶液脱氯化氢处理PVC

基本信息

批准号：
09248203
负责人：
奥脇昭嗣
金额：
$ 1.28万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09248203/
关键词：
ポリ塩化ビニル脱塩化水素高温水溶液 NaOH

项目摘要

内容積1lのハステロイC製分取式オートクレーブに水又はNaOH水溶液450mlを仕込み,密閉後窒素置換しモノマー換算0.005mol)を容器内に圧入して温度安定後反応開始とし,NaOH濃度0〜2M,200〜250℃,1200rpmでかきまぜた.所定時間毎に分取した反応溶液中の塩化物イオン濃度を測定して脱塩化水素率を求め,残留物は,減圧乾燥後SEM観察およびFT-IR測定した.水中,200〜250℃でのPVC粉末の脱塩化水素反応は見掛け上0次反応で進み,活性化エネルギーは約46kcal/molであった.一方,NaOH水溶液中では脱塩化水素は見掛け上1次反応で進み,速度は0.01〜0.5Mの範囲では濃度の増加と伴に大きくなった.活性化エネルギーは0.1M,0.5Mでも各々46kcal/molであり,濃度による違いはなかった.また,残留物の化学構造もFT-IR測定では,大きな変化はなかった.しかし,水中における残留物は凝集しており,表面には比較的大きい細孔が生成したのに対し,NaOH水溶液中ではほとんど凝集せず,球状で,細孔は表面上にはなく,粒子内部に認められた.以上より,水中とNaOH水溶液中では脱塩化水素そのものの機構は大きく変化せず,NaOH濃度は形状に大きく影響すると考えられる.つまり,水中では脱塩化水素速度が小さいため溶融PVC粉末が凝集して細孔が多く生成する.それに対し,NaOH水溶液中では,PVCが球状になり,濃度に比例して急速に表面の脱塩化水素が進み,膨張しにくい脱塩化水素PVCの殻が表面に形成され,これが粒子の凝集を防ぎ,球状の粒子内では生成する塩化水素によって内部の脱塩化水素が一層触媒されるため見掛け上1次で進むように見えるものと推定した.また,脱塩化水素率の高い残留物には,水酸基による吸収が存在することから,この場合は,一部HとClの置換により脱塩素が起きるとことを明かにした.

The contents of this paper are as follows: (1) the temperature is stable in the container, the temperature is stable, the temperature of the container is stable, the temperature is 0,2m and 20000250 ℃, the temperature of NaOH is 02m, the temperature is 20000250 ℃, the temperature of NaOH is 2m, the temperature is 20000250 ℃, the temperature of NaOH is 02m, the temperature of 1200rpm is 250 ℃. At the same time, the temperature in the solution was determined by the determination of the temperature of the compound in the solution, the rate of dehydrated water was calculated, and the residue was detected by SEM after drying. The temperature was determined by FT-IR. In water, the desorption of water with PVC powder at 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ was carried out for 0 times, and the activation temperature was about 46kcal/mol. On the one hand, there is an increase in the temperature in the aqueous solution of NaOH at the speed of 0. 01-0. 5m in the range of 0. 01-0. 5m. Activating the 46kcal/mol of 0. 1m and 0. 5m, each of them is very sensitive to the temperature. The residue was chemically prepared for the determination of FT-IR, and the chemical reaction was determined. In the water, the residue agglutinated, the large hole in the surface formed the agglutination, the NaOH aqueous solution agglutinated, the ball, the hole on the surface, the inside of the particle. The above temperature, NaOH aqueous solution in the removal of water, temperature, temperature The rate of desorption of water in water is small, the agglutination of dissolved PVC powder, the formation of multiple pores. In NaOH aqueous solution, temperature, PVC, spherical temperature, temperature, The formation of water in globular particles is related to the formation of dehydrated water in spherical particles. The first step in the production of water in spherical particles is due to the formation of water in spherical particles. The removal rate of water is high, the residue is high, the absorption of water-based acid group is sensitive, the absorption of water is sensitive, and there is an H-Cl solution.