NK cells and immune evasion

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Natural killer (NK) cell plays a pivotal role in eliminating virus-infected cells. However, viruses have learned how to manipulate host immune systems so that they can coexist with their host. In this paper, we focused on human T cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) and examined how the virus prevents the elimination of host NK cells. Three strategies have been identified by which the virus ways evades NK cells :1) Virus downregulates CD 160 expression on NK cells leading to lack of NK cell cytotoxicity, 2)Virus induces NK cell death via CD58-CD2 interactions and/or cytokines stimulation (ie. IL-12); 3) Virus upregulates serpin proteinase inhibitor 9 (PI-9) in virus-infected cells, resulting in protection from granzyme B -mediated cell death.