Development of a death education program for middle aged people in fostering ability to survive

制定中年人死亡教育计划，培养生存能力

• 批准号: 14572309
• 负责人: NOMURA Mika
• 金额: $ 2.43万
• 依托单位: The Japanese Red Cross Hiroshima College of Nursing
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14572309/
• 关键词: Death Education; Human caring; Hope; Terminal care; Home Care; Hospice; 終末期患者

The purpose of this study was to development of a death education program for middle-aged person in fostering ability to survive. Fostering ability to survive in middle age will contribution to cope with suffering in days to come, such as illness, loss and facing with death. This study was consisted of three steps.1.The first step was to investigate the actual conditions of death education that faculty of school of nursing, medical and science of religion. 69 faculties answered about their practice of death education. Almost all of them taught at class about definition of death, psychosocial issue of terminal patient and means of taking care of dying person. Twenty faculties did death education for the general public.2.The second step was to describe the ability of survive in terminal patients. 13 visiting nurses and 15 hospice nurses participated in this study. By the analysis of nurses' transcriptions, the ability of survive of terminal patient meant patients had and maintained their own hope or wish. Patients' hope and wish were consisted of ‘attitude of life', ‘presence feeling', ‘object' and ‘bonds of significant others.'3.The third step was to develop of a death education program for middle-aged person in fostering ability to survive based on concept of human caring. This program was consisted in two modules carry out in-group session. One module was health promotion, because middle-aged people ware oriented healthy life. It will be motivation of participants. Another module was making attitude to their life, because it will become origin of hope in their future. Most important thing to cope with suffering in days to come will people accept their past life event and their suffering.

本研究的目的是为中年人制定死亡教育计划，以培养生存能力。培养中年生存能力将有助于应对未来的痛苦，例如疾病、损失和面临死亡。本研究分为三个步骤：一、第一步调查护理学院、医学学院和宗教学院死亡教育的实际情况。 69个院系回答了死亡教育实践情况。几乎所有人都在课堂上讲授死亡的定义、临终病人的心理社会问题以及临终者的照顾方法。 20个院系对公众进行死亡教育。2.第二步是描述临终病人的生存能力。 13 名访问护士和 15 名临终关怀护士参与了这项研究。通过对护士转录的分析，临终病人的生存能力意味着病人拥有并维持着自己的希望或愿望。患者的希望和愿望由“生活态度”、“存在感”、“对象”和“重要他人的纽带”组成。3.第三步，基于人文关怀理念，制定中年人死亡教育计划，培养生存能力。该计划由两个模块组成，进行小组会议。其中一个模块是健康促进，因为中年人注重健康生活。这将成为参与者的动力。另一个模块是对生活的态度，因为这将成为他们未来希望的源泉。在未来的日子里，应对痛苦的最重要的事情是人们接受他们的前世事件和痛苦。