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Empirical Study of Encouraging the Women's Ability and Power in Work Organization : Focusing on the Analysis on Changing Process

激发女性工作组织能力与权力的实证研究——以变革过程为中心的分析

基本信息

批准号：
16510195
负责人：
KIMOTO Kimiko
金额：
$ 2.37万
依托单位：
Hitotsubashi University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

This study has investigated various factors which obstruct that women's abilities and possibilities are raised in the work organizations, and searched the clues which could change the gender structure of work organizations. Therefore, in the first place, the factors supporting historical change of the gender relations in work organizations are investigated. Secondly, fieldwork research is done for the purpose of grasp "the utilization of female workforce" in the manufacturing industry, department stores, and general merchandise supermarkets in contemporary Japan.(1) As long as we saw the manufacturing industry, which was the one of the leading industries in the high economic growth after World War II, women workers' continuous service tendency was welcomed by companies, because of shortage of young workforce. However the very large turning point visited in the 1970s : that is, internal training of the younger age female group was abandoned and female middle-aged and married part-timers were applied instead of them. In this way, new labor regime of women were constructed in 1970s and it has continued until recently.(2) Although after the collapse of the bubble economy in 1990s the utilization of part-timers has been promoted and the non-regular female employees has been increasing in order to reduce the personnel-expenses, in these days which passed through and escaped from the bottom of the economy, companies' eyes came to be anew turned to practical use of capable women and also the ways how to cultivate women's abilities and possibilities in work organizations, supported by the labor market conditions of extensive recession from baby boomers' labor market. As the conditions which could not be considered to be transient are met, it is clear that we are now in the serious turning point which will reconstruct the labor regime of women, constructed in 1970s.

本研究探讨阻碍女性在工作组织中能力与可能性提升的各种因素，并寻找改变工作组织性别结构的线索。因此，首先，支持工作组织中的性别关系的历史变化的因素进行了调查。其次，为了掌握日本现代制造业、百货商店和综合超市中的“女性劳动力利用”，进行了实地调查。(1)只要我们看到制造业，这是第二次世界大战后经济高速增长的主导产业之一，女工的持续服务倾向受到公司的欢迎，因为年轻劳动力短缺。然而，20世纪70年代出现了一个非常大的转折点：即放弃了年轻女性群体的内部培训，取而代之的是中年女性和已婚兼职女性。这样，在20世纪70年代建立了新的妇女劳动制度，并一直持续到最近。(2)虽然在20世纪90年代泡沫经济崩溃后，为了减少人事开支，促进了对兼职人员的利用，非正式女性雇员也在增加，但在这些经历并逃离经济低谷的日子里，公司的目光重新转向实际使用有能力的女性，以及如何培养女性在工作中的能力和可能性组织，支持的劳动力市场条件广泛衰退的婴儿潮一代的劳动力市场。由于不能被认为是暂时的条件已经满足，很明显，我们现在正处于一个严重的转折点，将重建20世纪70年代建立的妇女劳动制度。