A historical phase of the eugenic law of the Natis and the influence to the legal institution about Reproduction in Germany after the Second World War

本研究旨在从与西方国家比较的角度，明确国民优生法律制度的特点，考察二战后德国优生法律制度对德国生育法律制度的影响。(1)作为“调节再生产国家”的国民，既追求积极的优生学，也追求消极的优生学。由于辅助生殖技术水平较低，NAITS人无法如此彻底地实践积极的优生学。但是，它在负面优生学方面起到了带头作用，并正在强化其不人道的品格。绝育手术的受害者有40万人，其中一半是男性，一半是女性。性别偏见非常强烈，女性遭受的身心伤害比男性更严重。(2)国家控制生育是政治的一部分，是19世纪末确立的一种社会状态。Natis就是其中之一。根据各州优生学和遗传学的不同，生殖政治是不同的。“拉森卫生学”在纳提人身上建立在一种先天遗传的基础上。除了绝育外，还实施了许多消极的优生项目--血液保护法和禁止卖淫、同性恋、堕胎。(3)民族的历史经验决定了二战后德国生殖法律制度的进程。20世纪80年代，德国政府和医疗专业人员承认，他们在与对德国残疾人的压迫进行合作方面负有责任。“人的尊严”是德国最重要的价值观。胚胎保护法(1990)禁止人工使用胚胎，但特殊情况除外。德国的目标是不同于美国生物伦理学的新生物政治学。(4)我打算在一本书中发表一篇文章(Mitsunari等人(编辑)，《性与性别》[2008])和关于胚胎保护的联合研究。

This study aimed to make clear the characteristics of the eugenic legal system in the Natis from a point of compararison with Western states and examine an influence to the legal institution about reproduction in Germany after the Second World War.(1)The Natis as "State of regulative Reproduction" pursued not only a positive, but also a negative eugenics. Because of a low level in the assisted reproductive technology, the Natis could not practice a positive eugenics so thoroughly. But, it took the lead in a negative eugenics and was strengthening its inhuman character. Victims by the sterilization operation were 400,000, which consisted half of men and half of women. The Gender-bias was very strong and women suffered from more serious physical and mental damage than men.(2)A national control of reproduction was a part of politics as a social state which was established since the end of the 19.century. The Natis was one of them. The reproductive politics were different according to the kind of eugenics and genetics in each state. "Rassenhygiene" in the Natis based on a inherent genetics. Besides a sterilization, many negative eugenic projects were put into effect-law of blood protection and prohibition of prostitution, homosexuality, abortion.(3)The historical experience of the Natis decided a course of the legal institution about reproduction in Germany after the Second World War. The government and medical professionals in Germany acknowledged in 1980s their responsibilities for the cooperation with the oppression against the German handicapped. "dignity of man" ("die Wuerde des Menschen"=Grundgesetz Art.1) is the most important value in Germany. By the Embryo protection law (1990) is prohibited the artificial use of embryo except special cases. Germany aims at new biopolitics which is different from bioethics in USA.(4)I intend to publish an article in a book (Mitsunari et al.(ed.)"Sexuality and Gender"[2008]) and joint research on embryo protection.