Basic Study on the Differences by Sexes and Age Groups and Changes of the Determinants of Long-distance Migration in Postwar Japan

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We analyze the differences by sexes and age groups and changes of the determinants of long-distance migration in postwar Japan. We assume that people's utility consists of income, natural environmental amenities (climate) and social environmental amenities. We use two main method ; modified gravity model and net migration model, and migration data between major 9 or 10 areas using national census and Report on Internal Migration in Japan Derived from the Basic Resident Registers from 1955 to 2000.The main results of our analysis are summarized as follows.(1)per capita real personal income has generally strong explanatory power to internal long-distance migration in postwar Japan, but it has been declining gradually with income growth of Japan(2)we find out that warm climate promote to increase net migration of warm areas in some cases, but not generally.(3)the effects of social environmental amenities are found out to some extent, but not generally.(4)the human capital model (Sjaastad (1962)) which considers land prices as housing cost has explanatory powers from 1985 to 2000,but doesn't have it from 1975 to 1980 when there were lots of return migration from major metropolitan areas to rural areas was.(5)the effects of warm climate is found out to migration of the aged people from 1985 to 1990,and that of the consumer's price index (that is real income) is found out to migration from 1995 to 2000.