Comparative Genocide Studies -Europe under the Nazi Regime during the World War II

比较种族灭绝研究——二战期间纳粹政权下的欧洲

• 批准号: 14520091
• 负责人: ISHIDA Yuji
• 金额: $ 2.18万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2002 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14520091/
• 关键词: Genocide; Holocaust; National Socialism; Jews; World War II; Overcoming the Past; War Crimes; Racism; 反ユダヤ主義

The purpose of this research was to establish a theoretical framework for the comparative genocide studies, currently grouped in an unexplored area of the humanities and social sciences in Japan. I examined several forms of genocides and genocidal cases which took place in Europe under the Nazi regime. Firstly, I analyzed the historical process of the large-scale resettlement policy of the Nazi Germany leading to the mass killing of Jews. Secondly, the German occupation policy and the "annihilation war" waged by the German army at the Eastern front during the World War II. I compared them with the Japanese warfare in China during the World War II. Besides, I developed the analytical concepts of "ethnic cleansing" and of "genocide in war". Thirdly, I reexamined the legal definition of genocide adopted by the UN convention in 1948 and proposed to position it as the "narrow sense of genocide", and to reposition "ethnic cleansing" and cases in which the perpetrators arbitrarily establish the groups to be victimized as the "broad sense of genocide".In the second half of the research, I extended the scope toward other cases in-and outside Europe, such as the German genocide of the Herero and the Nama in the former German South West Africa (in present Namibia), the Turkish genocide of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire during the World War I and the Croatian genocide of Serbs during the World War II. These genocides including the Nazi genocide were examined from comparative point of view. The references of which were the role of racism, total war, territorial expansion and sciences. Alongside this research, I have formed and led a new research project, the Comparative Genocide Studies (CGS) within the framework of the "New Research Initiative in Humanities and Social Sciences" founded by the JSPS.

这项研究的目的是为比较种族灭绝研究建立一个理论框架，目前在日本的人文和社会科学的一个未开发领域进行分组。我研究了纳粹政权统治下欧洲发生的几种形式的种族灭绝和种族灭绝案件。首先，分析了纳粹德国大规模安置政策导致犹太人大规模屠杀的历史过程。其次，德国的占领政策和二战期间德国军队在东线发动的“歼灭战”。我将它们与二战期间日本在中国的战争进行了比较。此外，我还发展了“种族清洗”和“战争中的种族灭绝”的分析概念。第三，重新审视1948年联合国公约对种族灭绝的法律定义，提出将其定位为“狭义的种族灭绝”，将“种族清洗”和行为人任意确定受害群体的情况重新定位为“广义的种族灭绝”。在研究的后半部分，我将范围扩展到欧洲内外的其他案例，例如德国在前德属西南非洲（现纳米比亚）对赫雷罗人和纳马人的种族灭绝，第一次世界大战期间土耳其在奥斯曼帝国对亚美尼亚人的种族灭绝以及第二次世界大战期间克罗地亚对塞尔维亚人的种族灭绝。从比较的角度考察了包括纳粹种族灭绝在内的这些种族灭绝行为。其中提到的是种族主义的作用、全面战争、领土扩张和科学。除了这项研究，我已经形成并领导了一个新的研究项目，比较种族灭绝研究（CGS）的框架内由JSPS创立的“新的研究倡议在人文和社会科学”。

项目成果

比較ジェノサイド研究の射程

比较种族灭绝研究的范围

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 現代史研究 50
• 作者: 森下章司;石田勇治
• 通讯作者: 石田勇治

Genocide in Namibia, Turkey, Croatia and Germany. Searching for the common features and the historical connections

纳米比亚、土耳其、克罗地亚和德国的种族灭绝。

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Comparative Genocide Studies Vol.1
• 作者: Ishida;Yuji(Author)
• 通讯作者: Yuji(Author)

中国河北省における三光作戦-虐殺の村・北坦村(「ドイツ軍の殲滅戦と日本軍の粛正掃蕩-"戦時ジェノサイド"の視点から-」を分担執筆)

中国河北三光行动——屠杀村北单村（合着《德军的灭绝战争与日军的清洗——从战时种族灭绝的角度》）

• 发表时间: 2003
• 作者: KOBAYAKAWA;Mitsuo (joint);石田 勇治(単著)
• 通讯作者: 石田 勇治(単著)

石田勇治: "過去の克服 ヒトラー後のドイツ"白水社. 350 (2002)

石田雄二：“克服过去：后希特勒德国”白水社 350 (2002)。

Genocide in Namibia, Turkey, Croatia and Germany : Searching for the common features and the historical connections

纳米比亚、土耳其、克罗地亚和德国的种族灭绝：寻找共同特征和历史联系

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Comparative Genocide Studies 1
• 作者: Ishida;Yuji(Author)
• 通讯作者: Yuji(Author)