The Relationship of Population Policy and Family Change in the Postwar Japan

战后日本人口政策与家庭变迁的关系

• 批准号: 16530361
• 负责人: YAMAMOTO Kiyoko
• 金额: $ 1.54万
• 依托单位: Sonoda Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16530361/
• 关键词: family change; population policy; eugenic protection policy; historical and sociological study; family planning; population problems; drop in the birth rate; child welfare; 生殖; 心身障害発生予防; 福祉; 子ども; 心身障害児; 乳児死亡; 家族政策; 高度経済成長; 母子保健; 人口変動; 優生

The following are the findings from the research :1. I have considered the process of the establishment and amendment of the Eugenic Protection Law and its function from 1945 to 1950s, as well as family changes that followed. The Eugenic Protection Law greatly increased abortion and sterilization numbers, and as a result, functioned as a preventive measure against poverty and contributed to birth control. The rising concern with increasing abortion has led to a movement popularizing contraception (family planning movement). At the same time, the movement aimed to change values regarding children and awareness of parental roles. As an example, this movement strongly opposed the idea of children being a source of labor and the perception that children must support their parents when they are old.2. I have considered the relationship of family change and child welfare policies, 1950s-1970s. Child welfare policies in this period aimed to improve the quality of the population by leveling regional disparities in infant mortality, health checks for infants, and establishing a system for early detection and treatment of disabled children, as well as expanding child welfare institutions. Planned childbearing became common during this period, and as the birthrate declined, parental responsibility with regards to choosing to have children and nurturing and educating them was emphasized, formulating a social consciousness that respects the individual lives of children. Policies promoting the security of life for children whose lives are in danger and children with disabilities were implemented. Concurrently, policies controlling children's lives, i.e., eugenic policies and policies preventing birth of disabled children, were implemented.

研究结果如下：1.我考虑了1945年至1950年代《优生保护法》的制定和修改过程及其功能，以及随后的家庭变化。《优生保护法》大大增加了堕胎和绝育的数量，因此，起到了预防贫困和促进生育控制的作用。对堕胎增加的日益关注导致了一场普及避孕的运动（计划生育运动）。与此同时，该运动旨在改变有关儿童的价值观和对父母作用的认识。例如，这场运动强烈反对儿童是劳动力来源的想法，以及儿童必须在父母年老时赡养父母的观念。我考虑了家庭变化和儿童福利政策的关系，1950 - 1970年代。这一时期的儿童福利政策旨在提高人口素质，缩小婴儿死亡率的地区差距，对婴儿进行健康检查，建立残疾儿童的早期发现和治疗制度，并扩大儿童福利机构。在这一时期，计划生育变得普遍，随着出生率的下降，父母在选择生育和养育教育子女方面的责任得到了强调，形成了尊重儿童个人生活的社会意识。实施了促进生命受到威胁的儿童和残疾儿童生命安全的政策。与此同时，控制儿童生活的政策，即，实施优生政策和防止残疾儿童出生的政策。

项目成果

The Relationship of Family Change and Child Welfare Policy, 1950s-1960s

20世纪50年代-1960年代家庭变迁与儿童福利政策的关系

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Sonoda Journal Volume. 42
• 作者: 新井誠;秋元美世;本沢巳代子;秋元美世;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;Kaori Iwasaki;Kaori Iwasaki;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;山本 起世子;Kaori Iwasaki;岩崎 香;Kiyoko Yamamoto
• 通讯作者: Kiyoko Yamamoto

戦後日本における家族変動と児童福祉政策-1950年代〜60年代を中心に-

战后日本的家庭变迁和儿童福利政策 - 聚焦 20 世纪 50 年代和 1960 年代 -

• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: 園田学園女子大学論文集 第42号
• 作者: 新井誠;秋元美世;本沢巳代子;秋元美世;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;Kaori Iwasaki;Kaori Iwasaki;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;山本 起世子
• 通讯作者: 山本 起世子

戦後日本における人口政策と家族変動に関する歴史社会学的研究-優生保護法の成立・改正過程を中心に-

日本战后人口政策与家庭变迁的历史社会学研究 - 关注优生保护法的制定和修改过程 -

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: 園田学園女子大学論文集 第39号
• 作者: 新井誠;秋元美世;本沢巳代子;秋元美世;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;Kaori Iwasaki;Kaori Iwasaki;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;岩崎 香;山本 起世子;Kaori Iwasaki;岩崎 香;Kiyoko Yamamoto;東京精神保健福祉協会権利擁護委員会;山本 起世子
• 通讯作者: 山本 起世子