Cross-cultural study on the meaning of self-esteem and its measurement in cultural context

内隐联想测验（IAT）测量的内隐自尊（ISE）在日本、美国和中国呈普遍性正。此外，我们的研究重复了先前的发现，即美国人在明确的自尊测量中比日本人和中国人表现出更高的明确自尊。我们还证实，ISE与日本人的计划谬误正相关，计划谬误指的是人们对计划结果持乐观态度的倾向。这些结果为IAT在日本人中的预测效度提供了支持。并对IAT和小鼠范式（MP）在测量自我概念时的构念效度进行了检验。通过MP测量的自我概念动态指数与建立的自尊问卷和IAT一起进行了检查，IAT是基于反应延迟的ISE测量。结果支持MP和IAT的有效性。此外，发现自我概念的内在动力与ISE相关。此外，我们对Mentsu进行了研究，这与自尊密切相关。门面是一种与个人社会角色相关的公众形象。我们试图展示Mentsu和自尊的区别，自尊代表了一个人对自我评价的积极性。结果表明，他人参与“门限”事件的次数多于自尊相关事件。

Implicit self-esteem (ISE) as measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) was found to be universality positive in Japan, the U.S., and China. In addition, our study replicated a previous finding that Americans show higher explicit self-esteem on explicit measures of self-esteem than Japanese and Chinese. We also confirmed that ISE is positively correlated with planning fallacy among Japanese, which refers to people's tendency to be optimistic about the outcome of their planning. These results provide support to the predictive validity of IAT among Japanese. The construct validity of IAT and the mouse paradigm (MP) when they were applied to measure self-concept was also examined. The dynamic index of the self-concept as measured by MP was examined along with established self-esteem questionnaires and IAT, which is a measure of ISE based upon response latency. The results supported the validity of MP along with IAT. In addition, the intrinsic dynamics of self-concept and ISE were found to be related. Furthermore, we conducted a study on Mentsu, which is closely related to self-esteem. Mentsu is a public image related to one's social role. We attempted to show the difference between Mentsu and self-esteem, which represents positivity of one's self-evaluation. The result indicated that others are involved in Mentsu episodes more than self-esteem-relevant episodes.