Construction and usage of a mouse or human synthetic lymphoid tissue using biocompatible materials.

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We demonstrated that a tissue-engineered, lymphoid tissue- like organoid could be constructed by transplantation of stromal cells embedded in biocompatible scaffolds into the renal subcapsular space in mice. This organoid had a tissue structure similar to secondary lymphoid organs, which contained compartmentalized B- cell and T-cell clusters, high endothelial venule-like vessels, germinal centers and follicular dendritic cell networks. Furthermore, the organoid was transplantable to naive normal or severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice, and antigen-specific, IgG-isotype antibody formation could be induced soon after intravenous administration of the antigen. This simplified system of lymphoid tissue・like organoid construction will facilitate analyses of cell-cell interactions required for development of secondary lymphoid organs and efficient induction of adaptive immune responses, and may have possible applications in the treatment of immune deficiency.