Research on Carrier Development of Experienced, Middle Aged Nurses in Revolutionary Era

通过对6名经验丰富的中年护士的访谈，了解护理工作经验对护士的意义，了解护士如何赋予自身护理经验意义的过程，是把握护理工作经验意义的必要条件。基于这些想法，我们对279名经验丰富的中年护士（40-55岁）进行了问卷调查，这些护士在日本某县200张床位以上的综合医院工作。我们试图厘清哪些护理经验能让护士积累知识以扩展或改善其护理实践，确定他们从这些经验中学到了什么，以及这些经验对职业发展有什么意义。我们还对全日本300张床位以上的综合医院的261名护士管理人员进行了问卷调查。我们希望确定护士管理者对他们的经验丰富的、中年以上的护士有什么期望，以及这些护士在职业发展中遇到的问题或问题。研究结果显示，经验丰富的护士表示，他们的工作经验使他们能够向患者和家属学习，学会何时调整工作环境以满足患者的需求，了解工作环境中的人际关系，并认识到不寻常的临床情况如何为他们提供职业发展的机会。然而，我们发现护士个体从临床经验中学习的方式和内容各不相同，这取决于护士对每一次经验的解释。护士长问卷的研究结果显示，各医院有经验的中年护士的职业发展存在较大差异。护士管理人员还指出，该组护士中存在两极分化，有些护士愿意学习，有些则不愿意。我们还发现，医院为有经验的中年护士提供的职业发展计划组织得很差，很难激发这群护士的学习欲望。这给我们提供了一些与职业发展相关的问题，我们应该解决。我们已经提出了确定护士如何积累临床经验以及如何分享这些经验的重要性。我们还了解到让护士学习和利用自己临床经验的特点来促进职业发展的重要性，以及证明个性化学习机会有助于护士在职业生涯中发展。少

It has become clear by interviewing 6 experienced, middle-aged nurses, that in order to grasp the meanings of the nursing care work experience, it is necessary to interpret the meaning that work experiences have for nurses and to understand the process of how nurses give significance to their own nursing care experiences.Based upon these ideas, we administered a questionnaire to 279 experienced, middle-aged nurses (40-55 years old), working at general hospitals of 200 beds or more in a certain prefecture in Japan. We attempted to clarify what nursing care experiences lead nurses to accumulate knowledge to expand or improve their nursing practice, identify what they learned through these experiences, and what significance these experiences had that led to career development.We also administered a questionnaire to 261 nurse managers working at general hospitals of 300 beds or more throughout Japan. We hoped to identify what expectations the nurse managers had for their experienced, middl … More e-aged nurses, and the problems or issues related to career development for these nurses.The research findings showed us that the experienced nurses indicated that their work experiences allows them to learn from their patients and their families, learn when to adjust the work setting for patients needs, understand human relationships in the work settings, and recognize how unusual clinical situations provided them opportunities for career development. However, we found that individual nurses varied in how and what they learned from their clinical experiences and this depended upon the interpretation the nurses placed upon each experience.The research outcomes from the nurse manager questionnaire suggested that there was wide variation in career development of experienced, middle-aged nurses among hospitals. The nurse managers also suggested there was polarization among nurses in this group, some nurses were willing to learn, others were not. We also found the career development programs for experienced, middle-aged nurse provided by hospitals were poorly organized and it was challenging to motivate this group of nurses to have a desire to learn. This provided us with some issues related to career development we should address.We have suggested the importance of identifying how a nurse accumulates her clinical experience, and how she shares this experience. We also learned the importance of enabling nurses to learn and use characteristics of their own clinical experiences to enhance career development, and that proving for individualized learning opportunities help nurses develop in their career. Less