THE STUDY OF ORIGINAL STAGING IN THE ELIZABETHAN THEATRE

根据阿弗雷德·哈比奇的《英国戏剧编年史》，对大约100部戏剧按时间顺序进行了研究。借助于“文学在线”数字文本的搜索功能，我在伦敦大英图书馆的旧四开本和现代版本中仔细搜索了参考上层舞台的舞台说明；并在日本关西国立国会图书馆的“早期英语书籍在线”中以数字传真形式检查了30多部戏剧。(1)目前的研究主要集中在演员从主舞台到上层舞台，或从上层舞台到主舞台的时间问题上。时间可以用运动过程中说的台词数来衡量。我彻底查了1610年以前所有现存的英语戏剧，发现了100多个新的舞台指示，指示从上层舞台上升/下降；我重新检查了去年挑选的舞台方向，也修改了一些错误。通常上升需要10-25条线，下降需要5-10条线。(2)正如日本东北大学的市川真子（Mariko Ichikawa）早些时候所观察到的，莎士比亚的语料库中的许多案例需要的时间非常短，以至于演员不可能从一个舞台转移到另一个舞台。然而，如果我们不太严格地考虑舞台方向的位置，大多数问题似乎都可以解决。在JC 5.3中Pindarus的例子中，我们可以假设他不是站在舞台上，而是站在舞台后面。如果我们充分利用Q1文本，ROM 3.5的症结也可以得到解决。

About 100 plays were examined in the chronological order based on Afred Harbage, Annals of English Drama. Helped by the search function of the digital texts of "Literature Onine", I carefully searched the stage directions referring to the upper stage in old quartos and modern editions in British Library in London; and also examined over 30 plays in the digital facsimile form of Early English Books Online in National Diet Library, Kansai, Japan.(1) The present research chiefly focuses on the problems of time actors are allowed to take to move from the main stage to the upper stage, or from the upper to the main stage. The time can be measured with the number of lines spoken during the movement. I thoroughly checked out all the extant English plays up to 1610, and found more than 100 new stage directions instructing ascent to / descent from the upper stage; I rechecked the stage directions I picked out last year and amended some errors, too. Usually ascent takes the time for 10-25 lines, and descent 5-10 lines.(2) As Mariko Ichikawa of Tohoku University earlier observed, many cases in Shakespeare's corpus require such short time that actors couldn't possibly move from one stage to the other. However, most of the problems seem to be resolved if we don't consider the positions of stage directions too strictly. In Pindarus's cases in JC 5.3, we may assume that he stands not on the upper stage, but upstage. The crux of ROM 3.5 could be also solved, if we make the best use of Q1 text.