A Study on the Stage Business of Elizabethan Drama at the Globe

为了从总体上分析文艺复兴时期英国戏剧的原创演出，在仔细查阅了一些数据库和舞台指导词典后，伦敦大英图书馆查阅了约150部戏剧和日本的100多部传真版戏剧。本文的研究重点是字母场景的舞台业务以及舞台柱子(S)和阳台舞台的使用。(1)以维罗纳两位绅士的字母场景为例，该场景与马洛和格林等其他作家的同类场景有许多共同之处。字母作为财产的使用显然受到了当代写信时尚的鼓励，这一点得到了我对16世纪写信手册和其他伊丽莎白时代剧作家的书信场景的研究的证实。(2)直到17世纪，舞台柱子才偶尔被用作地点和方向的标志；在17世纪，它们提供了人物藏身的地方，或者是固定乐器和人的地方；后来，更精细、有点滑稽的柱子被发明出来，例如，作为击剑练习的伙伴。(3)活板门通常与地狱联系在一起，这也是舞台下面的空间。的确，幽灵、魔鬼或女巫通过活板门进入的例子很多，但这些门经常被用作楼下的入口，有时是通往与地狱没有任何联系的地下牢房。特别是在喜剧中，活板门通常指的是楼下的空间。剧场空间的含义可能会受到戏剧流派的影响。(4)即使在戏剧的早期版本中指示使用上层舞台，考虑到公司可以用来进行表演的特定剧院和大厅，在许多情况下，上层舞台也不能被使用。

In order to analyze the original staging of English Renaissance drama in general, about 150 plays were examined in British Library in London, and over 100 plays in the facsimile form in Japan, after careful checks of some databases and dictionaries of stage directions.The present research focuses on the stage business of letter scenes and the uses of the stage posts, the trap door(s) and the balcony stage.(1) In the letter scenes of Two Gentlemen of Verona , for instance, has many aspects in common with the same kind of scenes written by other writers such as Marlowe and Greene. The use of letters as properties was obviously encouraged by the contemporary fashion of letter writing, which were confirmed by my research on 16th-century manuals of letter writing and letter scenes of other Elizabethan dramatists in BL.(2)Stage posts were occasionally used as signs for places and directions until 1600s; in 1610s, they provided the place where characters could hide themselves, or where instruments and people were fastened; later on, more elaborate, somewhat burlesque use of posts were invented, for example, as a partner for fencing practices.(3) Trap doors have been usually associated with the hell, which is also the space below the stage. Indeed many examples are found where ghosts, devils or witches enter through trap doors, but the doors are as often used as the entrance to downstairs, sometimes to an underground cell without any connection to the hell. In comedies, especially, trap doors often refer to downstairs space physically. The signification of theatre spaces can be influenced by the genres of drama.(4) Even when the use of the upper stage is instructed in the early edition of a play, given the particular theatres and halls the company could use for their performances, the upper stage could not been used in many cases.