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Family Change and Social Security Policy

家庭变迁与社会保障政策

基本信息

批准号：
17530424
负责人：
SAKAGUCHI Masayuki
金额：
$ 1.34万
依托单位：
OSAKA CITY UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17530424/
关键词：
SOCIAL SECURITY FAMILY POLICY PUBLIC PENSION BRITAIN 社会保障年金

项目摘要

This research project aims to clarify the issues in Japanese social security system involving family changes. Japanese social security systems has been based on 'male breadwinner model' of family, in which a man (husband) is supposed to take full-time job, and a women (wife) is responsible domestic work such as giving care for children and the elderly parents at home. However, drastic family changes have been in progress since the 1980s. The fertility rate is declining rapidly, while the number of divorce is increasing. The social security system is no longer fit for the current Japanese family which is diverse. This is particular the case for the lone mother family, who are in struggle between work and child care. Public pension system is also in crisis, not only because it cannot be supported by smaller size of working population, but also because of change in public consensus over the fair treatment in the system. This project conducted a micro-simulation study over the life courses of women, and tried to find out to what extent the public pension system treating them differently. The result is that the public pension system is still in favor of a traditional male breadwinner model. Divorced lone parent is likely to face poverty in later life as public pension is reduced by the divorce. The recent change in rules over dividing pension at divorce would still not guarantee enough financial resources for them. This project also studies on British social security policy development, which started policy reform for family change earlier than Japan. A work centered policy approaches are implemented, which would be a key to integrate diverse family life. But it is too early to judge the outcome of the policy, and relevance for the future Japanese policy development.

本研究课题的目的是弄清日本社会保障制度中涉及家庭变化的问题。日本的社会保障制度是以“男性养家模式”为基础的家庭，即男性（丈夫）从事全职工作，女性（妻子）负责家庭工作，如照顾家中的孩子和年迈的父母。然而，自1980年代以来，家庭发生了巨大变化。生育率正在迅速下降，而离婚人数却在增加。社会保障制度已不适应当前日本家庭多元化的现状。这对于在工作和照顾孩子之间挣扎的单身母亲家庭来说尤其如此。公共养老金制度也处于危机之中，这不仅是因为它无法得到较小规模的工作人口的支持，而且还因为公众对该制度公平待遇的共识发生了变化。该项目对妇女的生命历程进行了微观模拟研究，并试图找出公共养恤金制度在多大程度上区别对待她们。其结果是，公共养恤金制度仍然有利于传统的男性养家模式。离婚的单亲父母在晚年可能面临贫困，因为离婚会减少公共养老金。最近关于离婚时分割养老金的规定发生了变化，但这仍然不能保证他们有足够的财政资源。本研究亦探讨英国社会保障政策的发展，英国较日本更早开始针对家庭变迁的政策改革。实施以工作为中心的政策方法，这将是融合多样化家庭生活的关键。但现在判断这一政策的结果以及对日本未来政策发展的意义还为时过早。