Adjustment to spousal bereavement : A5-year longitudinal study

这项研究旨在揭示丧亲者如何以及何时应对配偶丧亲的悲痛。这项研究与2000年和2002年的三次纵向调查相一致，共有276名受试者，2005.1年有135名受试者(55名男性和80名女性)。对于他们是否已经从丧偶的悲痛中恢复过来的问题，随着调查的重复，回答“完全恢复”的人数增加了，而在2005年的调查中，这一数字达到了受试者的60%。因此，在应对丧亲之痛时，自丧亲以来的时间长短对意识层面起着至关重要的作用。采用心理幸福感测评方法，对1893名未丧亲的男性和女性的心理健康状况进行比较。丧亲组的心理幸福感明显比对照组差。尤其是那些起初表现出中度恶化的老年人，在调查的五年内几乎没有好转。另一方面，对照组在心理健康方面表现出更好的结果，尽管他们确实表现出了很大的退化。综上所述，丧亲者的康复主要体现在意识层面，但仅限于心理健康层面。为了进行定性评估，进一步对21名男性进行了调查，在第三次调查中，他们特别被认为在日常生活中有困难。许多人认为他们已经从悲痛中恢复过来，但一些人清楚地意识到他们没有。一些人认为，坚强的心态有助于应对丧亲之痛，但对一些人来说，这是为了哭泣。那些失去妻子的男人的心态以及他们处理丧亲的方式都有很大的差异。

This study was conducted to reveal how and when the bereaved cope with grief of spousal bereavement. The study consisted with three longitudinal surveys with 276 subjects in 2000 and 2002, and 135 subjects (55 male and 80 female) in 2005.1. To the question of if they have recovered from grief of spousal bereavement, the increased number of people answered "completely recovered" as the survey was repeated, where in the survey of 2005, the number reached to 60 % of the subject. Therefore in coping with bereavement, length of time passed since the bereavement played a vital role on consciousness level.2. To evaluate psychological well-being, 1893 non-bereaved male and female were compared as a control group. The bereaved group was distinctly worse in psychological well-being than the control group. Especially the older people who at first showed moderate deterioration hardly became better within five years period of the survey. On the other hand, the control group showed better result in mental health even though they did show great degradation. In conclusion recovery of the bereaved was seen in consciousness level but were limited on the level of psychological well-being.3. To evaluate qualitatively, the survey was further conducted with 21 male who, at the third survey, especially were seen to have hardship in daily life. Many thought they had recovered from grief but some were clearly aware they had not. Some felt it was strong mentality that helps to cope with the bereavement, but for some it was to cry. Mentality of those men bereaved of their wives varies greatly as well as their way of coping with bereavement.