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a historical study of architecture on the provisional Diet Building in Japan

日本临时国会大厦的建筑史研究

基本信息

批准号：
17560579
负责人：
HORIUCHI Masaaki
金额：
$ 1.66万
依托单位：
Showa Women's Junior College
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17560579/
关键词：
Diet Building Ende Bockmann German roof frame restoration roof plan roofing roof truss シュテークミュラー錦絵小屋組

项目摘要

The first Diet Building in Japan was built in 1890 but in a short time burnt down.The purposes of this study are ;1. to clarify all the processes of plans from the first design (European style), the second one (semi-European style) until the building was finished as the provisional Diet Building, the plan of which was discovered in 2004 in Chiba.2. to explain the wooden roof truss of that building and to reconstruct it, referring to colored woodblock prints and copperplate prints of that building and to other examples with similar construction in Japan and Germany.3. to propose a restoration plan of the roof of that building.The first plan of the Diet Building was designed by Paul Kohler, who worked at the architectural firm Ende ＆ Bockmann in Berlin. The provisional Diet Building was completed by Adolf Stegmuller at the same firm and Shigenori Yoshii. Though the scale of that building was reduced sharply and the construction was changed to wood from brick, with regard to the room arrangement both of the plans were very similar; accordingly, the idea of the first plan designed by Kohler still existed.The roof truss used in the building was called the "German roof frame" and was a composite construction reinforced with iron tie bars. We can find several parallels in festival halls of those days in Germany. The reason seems to be that both of them were temporary buildings.For the restoration of the roof plan of that building, the present writer made a model of the House on a scale of 1 to 50, referring to the detailed measurements, contained in the initial plan and the completion plan. Furthermore, the whole plan for the roof is drawn, comparing the only exterior photograph of the building with the model.

日本第一座国会大厦建于1890年，但在很短的时间内就被烧毁了。从第一次设计（欧式）、第二次设计（半欧式）到2004年在千叶发现的临时国会大厦的设计图的全部过程。2.参考该建筑物的彩色木刻版画和铜版画，以及日本和德国的其他类似建筑实例，解释该建筑物的木屋顶桁架并重建它。国会大厦的第一个方案是由保罗·科勒设计的，他在柏林的恩德和博克曼建筑公司工作。临时国会大厦由同一公司的阿道夫·斯泰格穆勒和吉井重典完成。虽然该建筑的规模急剧缩小，建筑由砖改为木，但在房间布置方面，两个方案非常相似;因此，科勒设计的第一个方案的想法仍然存在。建筑中使用的屋顶桁架被称为“德国屋顶框架”，是一种用铁拉杆加固的复合结构。我们可以在当时德国的节日霍尔斯里找到几个相似之处。为修复该建筑物的屋顶平面图，笔者参考了最初平面图和竣工平面图中的详细测量数据，制作了1比50的房屋模型。此外，还绘制了屋顶的整体平面图，并将建筑物唯一的外部照片与模型进行了比较。