a historical study of architecture on the provisional Diet Building in Japan

日本的第一座国会大厦建于1890年，但很快就被烧毁了。本研究的目的是：1。阐明了从第一次设计（欧式风格）到第二次设计（半欧式风格），直到2004年在千叶发现的临时国会大厦竣工的所有规划过程。参考该建筑的彩色木版版画和铜版版画，以及日本和德国其他类似建筑的例子，解释该建筑的木制屋架，并对其进行重建。提出修复那座建筑物屋顶的计划。国会大厦的第一个方案是由保罗·科勒（Paul Kohler）设计的，他在柏林的建筑公司Ende & Bockmann工作。临时国会大厦由Adolf Stegmuller和Shigenori Yoshii在同一家公司完成。虽然那座建筑的规模急剧缩小，建筑由砖改为木头，但在房间布置方面，这两种平面图非常相似；因此，科勒设计的第一个方案的想法仍然存在。建筑中使用的屋架被称为“德国屋架”，是一种用铁扎筋加固的复合结构。我们可以在当时德国的节日大厅里找到几个类似的例子。原因似乎是它们都是临时建筑。为了修复该建筑的屋顶平面，本文作者参考了初始平面图和完工平面图中包含的详细测量数据，按1到50的比例制作了该房屋的模型。此外，还绘制了屋顶的整体平面图，并将建筑的唯一外部照片与模型进行了比较。

The first Diet Building in Japan was built in 1890 but in a short time burnt down.The purposes of this study are ;1. to clarify all the processes of plans from the first design (European style), the second one (semi-European style) until the building was finished as the provisional Diet Building, the plan of which was discovered in 2004 in Chiba.2. to explain the wooden roof truss of that building and to reconstruct it, referring to colored woodblock prints and copperplate prints of that building and to other examples with similar construction in Japan and Germany.3. to propose a restoration plan of the roof of that building.The first plan of the Diet Building was designed by Paul Kohler, who worked at the architectural firm Ende ＆ Bockmann in Berlin. The provisional Diet Building was completed by Adolf Stegmuller at the same firm and Shigenori Yoshii. Though the scale of that building was reduced sharply and the construction was changed to wood from brick, with regard to the room arrangement both of the plans were very similar; accordingly, the idea of the first plan designed by Kohler still existed.The roof truss used in the building was called the "German roof frame" and was a composite construction reinforced with iron tie bars. We can find several parallels in festival halls of those days in Germany. The reason seems to be that both of them were temporary buildings.For the restoration of the roof plan of that building, the present writer made a model of the House on a scale of 1 to 50, referring to the detailed measurements, contained in the initial plan and the completion plan. Furthermore, the whole plan for the roof is drawn, comparing the only exterior photograph of the building with the model.