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Development of advanced catalysts using fine particles of intermetallic compounds.

使用金属间化合物细颗粒开发先进催化剂。

基本信息

批准号：
17560680
负责人：
KOMATSU Takayuki
金额：
$ 2.24万
依托单位：
Tokyo Institute of Technology
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2005
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2005 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17560680/
关键词：
Catalyst Intermetallic compound Fine particle Acetylene Partial hydrogenation PROX reaction Platinum Nickel Pt Ni 選択的水素化選択酸化 CO

项目摘要

Supported and unsupported intermetallic compounds (IMCs), Ni_3Ge, Pd_3Bi, Pt_3Sn, PtCu and Pt_3Co, were prepared and characterized by XRD to identify their crystal phases and obtain the size of their crystallites. Temperature programmed reduction of IMCs was measured to determine the appropriate temperature of reduction. IR spectra of adsorbed CO indicated the electron transfer from Ni to Ge in the case of Ni_3Ge and from Bi to Pd in the case of Pd_3Bi. The catalytic activity for H_2-D_2 equilibration was measured and it was revealed that only Ni_3Ge showed comparable activity to Ni and that the other IMCs showed much lower activity than Pd and Pt.Silica supported IMCs were used for the catalyst in acetylene hydrogenation with a continuous flow reaction system. Ni_3Ge/SiO_2 and Pd_3Bi/SiO_2 gave high selectivity for the partial hydrogenation into ethylene. The latter was found to have higher selectivity and stability for ethylene formation than commercial Pd-Ag/SiO_2. Both IMC catalysts were also active and selective for the selective hydrogenation of a small amount of acetylene in excess ethylene. Pt_3Sn/H-SAP0-11 showed high selectivity to isobutene in the dehydroisomerization of butane. The catalytic properties for the preferential oxidation of CO in hydrogen was studied for Pt-IMCs. PtCu/SiO_2 and Pt_3Co/SiO_2 showed much higher activity than Pt/SiO_2 at low temperatures. The addition of water in the feed accelerated the rate of oxidation on PtCu/SiO_2. It was revealed that water molecules produced through the oxidation of hydrogen accelerate the adsorption of oxygen molecules on the surface to promote the oxidation of CO. In the case of Pt_3Co/SiO_2, the dissociative adsorption of 02 takes place on Co atoms to accelerate the oxidation of CO at low temperatures.

制备了负载型和非负载型金属间化合物(IMC) Ni_3Ge、Pd_3Bi、Pt_3Sn、PtCu 和 Pt_3Co，并通过 XRD 进行表征，以鉴定其晶相并获得其微晶尺寸。测量IMC的程序升温还原以确定适当的还原温度。吸附 CO 的红外光谱表明，在 Ni_3Ge 的情况下，电子从 Ni 转移到 Ge，在 Pd_3Bi 的情况下，电子从 Bi 转移到 Pd。测量了H_2-D_2平衡的催化活性，结果表明，只有Ni_3Ge表现出与Ni相当的活性，而其他IMCs的活性远低于Pd和Pt。二氧化硅负载的IMCs用于乙炔加氢连续流反应系统中的催化剂。 Ni_3Ge/SiO_2和Pd_3Bi/SiO_2对部分加氢生成乙烯具有较高的选择性。发现后者比商业Pd-Ag/SiO_2对乙烯形成具有更高的选择性和稳定性。两种IMC催化剂对于过量乙烯中少量乙炔的选择性加氢也具有活性和选择性。 Pt_3Sn/H-SAP0-11在丁烷脱氢异构化中表现出对异丁烯的高选择性。研究了 Pt-IMCs 在氢气中优先氧化 CO 的催化性能。 PtCu/SiO_2和Pt_3Co/SiO_2在低温下表现出比Pt/SiO_2高得多的活性。进料中加水加速了PtCu/SiO_2的氧化速率。结果表明，氢气氧化产生的水分子加速了氧分子在表面的吸附，从而促进了CO的氧化。在Pt_3Co/SiO_2的情况下，O 2 发生在Co原子上的解离吸附，从而在低温下加速了CO的氧化。