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Development of advanced catalysts from the intermetallic compounds between two transition metals

利用两种过渡金属之间的金属间化合物开发先进催化剂

基本信息

批准号：
14550759
负责人：
KOMATSU Takayuki
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2002
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2002 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Advanced catalysts have been developed with intermetallic compounds prepared between two transition metals. Transition metals of Pt, Pd, Ni and Co were combined with Ti, Zr, V, Cr, etc.to form intermetallic compounds by melting these mixtures. Obtained ingots were crushed in air and sieved into small particles (d<25 μm). XRD revealed the formation of the aimed intermetallic compound. CO_2 reforming of methane was carried out on Co-or Ni-based compounds. It was found that the compounds between Co and Hf were highly active and stable for the formation of CO and H_<2-> In the case of FT synthesis, RuTi intermetallic compound was revealed to be the selective catalyst for the formation of higher hydrocarbons. CVD of titanocene dichloride onto Ru/SiO_2 gave fine particles of RuTi dispersed on the surface of SiO_2 and these particles were also selective for FT synthesis. TiPt_3 was found to be more active than Pt for ethylene hydrogenation and H_<2^->D_2 equilibration. Three preparation methods, high-temperature reduction of Pt/TiO_2, CVD of titanocene dichloride onto Pt/SiO_2, and successive impregnation of Pt onto TiO_x/SiO_2, were applied to obtain fine particles of TiPt_3. The successive impregnation gave fine particles of Pt totally covered by layers of active TiPt_3. They were more active than Pt/SiO_2 for ethylene hydrogenation and H_<2^->D_2 equilibration and highly selective for the formation of butenes in butadiene hydrogenation. Therefore, it is found that the successive impregnation gives the catalyst with equal activity and selectivity to TiPt_3 fine particles.

利用两种过渡金属之间制备的金属间化合物开发了先进的催化剂。 Pt、Pd、Ni、Co等过渡金属与Ti、Zr、V、Cr等通过熔化这些混合物形成金属间化合物。将获得的锭在空气中粉碎并筛分成小颗粒(d<25μm)。 XRD 显示目标金属间化合物的形成。以Co或Ni基化合物为原料，对甲烷进行CO_2重整。研究发现Co和Hf之间的化合物对于CO和H_2-的形成具有高活性和稳定性。在FT合成的情况下，RuTi金属间化合物被揭示是形成高级烃的选择性催化剂。将二氯化二茂钛CVD到Ru/SiO_2上，得到分散在SiO_2表面的RuTi细颗粒，这些颗粒对于FT合成也具有选择性。发现TiPt_3对于乙烯加氢和H_2^->D_2平衡比Pt更具活性。采用高温还原Pt/TiO_2、CVD二氯化二茂钛到Pt/SiO_2上和Pt连续浸渍TiO_x/SiO_2三种制备方法得到TiPt_3细颗粒。连续浸渍得到完全被活性TiPt_3层覆盖的Pt细颗粒。它们对于乙烯加氢和H_2^->D_2平衡具有比Pt/SiO_2更高的活性，并且对于丁二烯加氢中丁烯的形成具有高选择性。因此，发现连续浸渍使催化剂具有与TiPt_3细颗粒相同的活性和选择性。