Identification and characterization of ice nucleators transmitting from prey to predator

从猎物到捕食者传播的冰成核剂的识别和表征

• 批准号: 17570024
• 负责人: TANAKA Kazuhiro
• 金额: $ 0.9万
• 依托单位: Miyagi Gakuin Women's University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17570024/
• 关键词: Ice nucleator; Isopoda; Spider; Supercooling point; Food chain; Heat susceptibility; Gut nucleator; Ice nucleating active microorganism; オオヒメグモ; 季節性; 地理的分布; 低温生物学

As the first step to identify the exgenous ice nucleators of the house spider, Achaearanea tepidaroirum, location of ice nucleators in the body of prey animals (Porcellio scaber) and its heat susceptibility were examined. Ingestion of the isopod's gut elevated the spider's supercooling point from -5 to -9C and this effect was comparable to that of whole body of the prey. This means that the ice nucleators exist at least in the alimentary canal of the prey animals, thus suggesting that the prey animals incorporate them in the process of feeding. Spiders that fed on a heated isopod's gut had a lower supercooling point than those fed on an unheated gut. Thus, the ice nucleators transmitting from prey to predator were susceptible to heat, thus suggesting that it is organic in origin.To characterize the ice nucleators, their seasonal and geographical abundance in the field was examined. I found that the ice nucleators occur whole the year round and wide geographical range from northern to southern Japan. Almost all field-collected prey animals such as cricket, ants and isopods contain them. These observatons strongly suggest that the ice nucleators transmitting from prey to predator are common in the field. Because of the ubiquity, ice nucleating active microorganism such as bacteria can be the candicates as the ice nucleator.

作为鉴定家蜘蛛（Achaearanea tepidaroirum）外源冰核的第一步，研究了冰核在猎物（Porcellio scaber）体内的位置及其热敏感性。吃下等足类动物的肠道，蜘蛛的过冷点从-5摄氏度提高到-9摄氏度，这种效果与整个猎物的效果相当。这意味着冰核至少存在于被捕食动物的消化道中，从而表明被捕食动物在进食过程中加入了冰核。以加热的等足类动物的肠道为食的蜘蛛，其过冷点要低于那些以未加热的肠道为食的蜘蛛。因此，从猎物传递到捕食者的冰核易受热影响，从而表明它是有机起源的。为了表征冰核，研究了它们在野外的季节和地理丰度。我发现冰核全年都在发生，从日本北部到南部的地理范围很广。几乎所有野外采集的猎物，如蟋蟀、蚂蚁和等足类动物都含有它们。这些观察结果有力地表明，冰核从猎物传递到捕食者在野外是常见的。由于冰成核活性微生物的普遍存在，细菌等冰成核活性微生物可以作为冰成核剂的候选物。

项目成果

Heat susceptibility of ice nucleators limiting supercooling ability of the house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum (Araneae : Theridiidae).

冰成核剂的热敏感性限制了家蜘蛛 Achaearanea tepidariorum（Araneae：Theridiidae）的过冷能力。

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Acta Arachnologica 55
• 作者: Mano;H.;Y.Toquenaga;K.Fujii;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka;Tanaka Kazuhiro
• 通讯作者: Tanaka Kazuhiro

Seasonal life cycle of Zatypota albicoxa (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae), an ectoparasitoid of Achaeranea tepidariorum (Araneae : Theridiidae), in northern Japan

日本北部的 Zatypota albicoxa（膜翅目：Ichneumonidae）的季节性生命周期，Achaeranea tepidariorum（Araneae：Theridiidae）的一种外寄生物

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Entomological Science 10 (in press)
• 作者: Mano;H.;Y.Toquenaga;K.Fujii;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka
• 通讯作者: Kazuhiro Tanaka

Heat susceptibility of ice nucleators limiting supercooling ability of the house spider Achaearanea tepidariorum (Araneae : Theridiidae)

冰成核剂的热敏感性限制了家蜘蛛 Achaearanea tepidariorum（Araneae：Theridiidae）的过冷能力

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Acta Arachnologica 55
• 作者: Mano;H.;Y.Toquenaga;K.Fujii;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka
• 通讯作者: Kazuhiro Tanaka

Seasonal life cycle of Zatypota albicoxa, an ectoparasitoid of Achaearanea tepidariorum, in northern Japan

日本北部 Achaearanea tepidariorum 的外寄生物 Zatypota albicoxa 的季节性生命周期

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Entomological Science 10
• 作者: Mano;H.;Y.Toquenaga;K.Fujii;Tanaka Kazuhiro
• 通讯作者: Tanaka Kazuhiro

Heat susceptibility of ice nucleators limiting supercooling ability of the house spider, Achaearanea tepidariorum (Araneae : Theridiidae)

冰成核剂的热敏感性限制了家蜘蛛 Achaearanea tepidariorum（Araneae：Theridiidae）的过冷能力

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Acta Arachnologica 55
• 作者: Mano;H.;Y.Toquenaga;K.Fujii;Tanaka Kazuhiro;Kazuhiro Tanaka;Tanaka Kazuhiro
• 通讯作者: Tanaka Kazuhiro