Evolution of eudicots quantitative disease resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens

ResiDevo旨在了解植物对坏死性真菌病原体的抗病多样性和进化的机制。根据我们的初步数据和进化理论，我们的关键假设是，许多QDR基因在被子植物进化的早期就进化了，并获得了多样化的调节模式，从而在现代植物群体中产生了多样化的QDR反应。本提案的直接目的是比较两个植物科植物对坏死性真菌的全球反应，以推断在不同进化尺度（种内和种间）下这些反应多样化的一般规则。我们通过对芸苔属植物（拟南芥等）和茄属植物（茄属等）以及两种生活方式相似的子囊菌病原体（坏死性、叶性、无性）和不同寄主范围（通用型和专门型）作为易处理生物的比较分析，解决了四个主要目标。我们将：1)鉴定植物QDR表型的种内和种间变异，并鉴定主要抗性数量性状位点（qtl）。2)在物种、科、目等不同水平上记录QDR过程中转录重编程的多样性。3)在群体、属和科水平上研究真菌病原菌应答基因的序列和表达进化；4)验证芸苔属和茄属植物QDR的关键成分，研究转录因子募集到QDR中的基因组规模影响。这项跨学科的工作将为植物-微生物相互作用的进化研究产生前所未有的数据集，包括：1)在可比较的尺度上，植物的表型多样性覆盖了两个不同种类子囊菌的真菌接种的种群、属和科水平。2)迄今为止独特的转录组学数据集，允许测试一些关键的理论预测，并挖掘对物种间QDR表型有贡献的基因。3)在几个植物谱系中完成病原体应答基因的进化分析。4)深入研究一些转录因子在QDR中的功能特征及其自然序列/调控多样性的基因组规模后果（residevo）将导致植物免疫系统进化的概念进展。它将确定和验证在两个植物科中保守的新型抗性机制的作用，并提供有希望的应用前景，这要归功于对所包括的栽培物种产生的数据。

ResiDevo aims to understand the mechanisms underlying the diversity and evolution of disease resistance to necrotrophic fungal pathogens in plants. Our key hypothesis, derived from our preliminary data and evolutionary theories is thatmany QDR genes evolved early in Angiosperm evolution and acquired diversified modes of regulation to create diversified QDR responses in modern plant populations. The immediateobjective of this proposal is to compare global responses to necrotrophic fungi in plants from two botanical families to infer general rules underlying the diversification of these responsesat various evolutionary scales (intra and inter specific). We address four main objectives using comparative analyses in plant species from the Brassicales (Arabidopsis thaliana and others)and Solanales (Solanum chilense and others) and two Ascomycete pathogens with similar lifestyle (necrotrophic, foliar, asexual) and contrasted host range (generalist and specialist) as tractable organisms for this approach.We will: 1) Characterize intra and inter specific variation in the plant QDR phenotypes and identify major resistance Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs). 2) Document the diversity of transcriptional reprogramming during QDR at different levels: species, family, order. 3) Study the evolution of sequence and expression for genes responsive to fungal pathogens at the population, genus and family levels, and 4) Validate key components of QDR in Brassicales and Solanales and study the genome scale impact of transcription factors recruitment into QDR.This interdisciplinary work will generate unprecedented datasets for evolutionary studies of plant‐microbe interactions including: 1) Phenotypic diversity on a comparable scale for plants covering the population, genus and family levels inoculated by fungi from two distinct Classes of the Ascomycetes. 2) A so far unique transcriptomics dataset allowing to test a number of key theoretical predictions and to mine for genes contributing to the QDR phenotype across species 3) Complete evolutionary analyses of pathogen‐responsive genes in several plant lineages, and 4) In depth functional characterization of the role of a few transcription factors in QDR and the genome-scale consequences of their natural sequence/regulatory diversificationResiDEvo will lead to conceptual advances on the evolution of the plant immune system. It will it will identify and validate the role of novel resistance mechanisms conserved across two botanical families and offer promising applied perspectives thanks to data generated on included cultivated species.