Coordination Funds

协调基金

• 批准号: 493884704
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Peter Chifflard
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Boden- u Hydrogeographie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/493884704?language=en
• 关键词: Coordination; Funds

Where does water go when it rains? Where are floods generated and how? What controls stream water quality during events? These questions are important to many fields from engineering and flood protection to water and ecosystem management and prediction of impacts of global change. The most elusive processes in the process-ensemble underlying these questions is subsurface stormflow (SSF), the fast event response triggered by lateral subsurface flow. SSF is prevalent and a more important process than generally accounted for because a basic understanding based on systematic studies across scales and sites is still lacking. However, only with systematic studies will it be possible to really advance our understanding by discovering general principles of SSF functioning and to provide protocols and best practices for its assessment, both experimentally and with respect to modelling. In many natural landscapes, SSF, i.e. any subsurface flow that occurs in response to a precipitation event, plays a major role in runoff generation: either by contributing directly to streamflow or by producing saturated areas or return flow, which then is the underlying cause of saturation excess overland flow. Therefore, much of what we see as event response in the hydrograph might be the direct or indirect result of SSF. It is likely that the discharge signal of SSF, including the indirectly triggered response in the stream, is larger than we generally assume. While its importance is probably largest in the headwaters, headwaters make up 70% of the stream network and greatly influence the supply and transport of water and solutes downstream. However, SSF is elusive and poorly accounted for as measurements are difficult for several reasons: the inaccessibility of the subsurface, the large spatial variability and heterogeneity, the variable sources and the fact that it is a threshold-driven process that only occurs during certain events. Thus, systematic studies of SSF are lacking, mainly due to difficulties of quantification. We suggest such a systematic study of SSF in different environments, across scales, and using a well-designed and replicated selection of approaches including novel approaches. This will be followed by a systematic evaluation of methods and possible proxies as well as model intercomparison, evaluation and improvement. Thereby, we will focus on 4 challenges: 1) Development of novel experimental methods,2) Spatial patterns of SSF, 3) Thresholds and cascading effects of SSF, 4) Impacts of SSF.Whereas standard single research projects investigate part of this puzzle at a specific location, this Research Unit provides the unique opportunity of fitting a large number of puzzle pieces together. This Research Unit will have a strong emphasis on experimental work in four different test catchments that then directly feeds into a collaborative modelling effort, which in turn influences experimental design in an iterative process.

下雨的时候水去了哪里？洪水是如何产生的？什么控制活动期间的河流水质？这些问题对于从工程和防洪到水和生态系统管理以及预测全球变化影响的许多领域都很重要。在这些问题背后的过程集合中，最难以捉摸的过程是次表层风暴流（SSF），由侧向次表层流触发的快速事件响应。SSF是普遍存在的，并且是一个比通常解释的更重要的过程，因为仍然缺乏基于跨尺度和站点的系统研究的基本理解。然而，只有通过系统的研究，才有可能通过发现SSF功能的一般原则来真正推进我们的理解，并提供实验和建模评估的协议和最佳实践。在许多自然景观中，SSF，即响应于降水事件而发生的任何地下流，在径流产生中起着重要作用：通过直接促进径流或通过产生饱和区域或回流，这是饱和过量地表流的根本原因。因此，我们在过程线中看到的事件响应可能是SSF的直接或间接结果。很可能SSF的放电信号，包括流中的间接触发响应，比我们通常假设的要大。虽然它的重要性可能是最大的源头，源头构成了70%的河流网络，并极大地影响了下游的水和溶质的供应和运输。然而，SSF是难以捉摸的，很难解释，因为测量是困难的几个原因：地下的不可访问性，大的空间变异性和异质性，可变的来源和事实，它是一个阈值驱动的过程，只发生在某些事件。因此，缺乏系统的研究SSF，主要是由于量化的困难。我们建议这样一个系统的研究SSF在不同的环境中，跨尺度，并使用精心设计和复制的方法，包括新的方法的选择。随后将对各种方法和可能的替代指标进行系统评价，并对各种模式进行相互比较、评价和改进。因此，我们将专注于4个挑战：1）开发新的实验方法，2）SSF的空间模式，3）SSF的障碍和级联效应，4）SSF的影响。虽然标准的单一研究项目在特定位置调查这个难题的一部分，但这个研究单元提供了将大量拼图拼在一起的独特机会。该研究单位将重点关注四个不同测试集水区的实验工作，然后直接投入到协作建模工作中，这反过来又会影响迭代过程中的实验设计。