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Real-Time Control System for Civil Infrastructures during a Seismic Disaster

地震灾害期间民用基础设施实时控制系统

基本信息

批准号：
08248105
负责人：
YAMAZAKI Fumio
金额：
$ 43.84万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
1996
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1996 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

With the recent improvements in computer technology, information network systems, etc., "Real-time control system for civil infrastructures during a seismic disaster", which utilizes real-time information to mitigate earthquake loss, has become realistic as a new method of disaster mitigation. To reduce earthquake loss, proper pre-, ongoing and post-earthquake countermeasures are indispensable. Conventionally, pre-countermeasures have been taken based on many assumptions such as the location, magnitude and occurrence time of an earthquake, weather condition, season, etc. The manuals for emergency operations are based on the simulation results for scenario earthquakes. These are useful for the government and municipalities to know the approximate damage level and to make disaster mitigation plans. However, because of the numerous assumptions employed, these results often differ from actual ones and it is very difficult for the general public to have the image of disasters.It is also emp … More hasized that the ongoing information on a disaster is highly important for efficient crisis management. But no proper tools to gather real-time information had existed before the 1995 Kobe Earthquake except for few pioneer systems. After the Kobe Earthquake, various national and municipal organizations in Japan began to develop or strengthen real-time earthquake disaster information systems. However, basic databases and methodologies used in such systems still need to be upgraded and an information sharing system has not been established yet.This research project aimed to develop fundamental theories and technologies used for the prototypes of real-time disaster mitigation systems for civil infrastructures and built environment, notably for water supply systems and expressway networks, by making best use of strong motion estimation methods, damage assessment methods, GIS, Internet, satellite remote sensing and other new tools.Research items of the four-year project consisted of three major fields with 12 sub-topics :(a) Basic data and information for real-time disaster mitigation systemsa1) Bedrock structure modeling based on microseisms, a2) Dynamic soil modeling using GIS, a3) Development of fragility curves for lifeline systems, a4) Development of fragility curves for buildings, a5) Dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of buildings(b) Methodologies for real-time disaster mitigation systemsb1) Stochastic interpolation of earthquake ground motion , b2) Spatial variation modeling of ground deformation, b3) Disaster propagation model in space and time(c) Development of practical tools for real-time disaster mitigation systemsc1) Real-time damage estimation and control of lifeline systems, c2) Application of GIS to Internet , c3) Real-time communication tool using mobile GIS and GPS , c4) Remote sensing for earthquake damage detection Less

近年来，随着计算机技术、信息网络系统等技术的发展，利用实时信息减轻地震损失的“土木工程地震灾害实时控制系统”作为一种新的减灾手段已成为现实。要减少地震损失，必须采取适当的震前、震中和震后应对措施。传统上，预应对是根据地震的位置、震级和发生时间、天气条件、季节等许多假设来采取的。应急操作手册是基于对情景地震的模拟结果。这对于政府和市政当局了解大致的破坏程度和制定减灾计划是有用的。然而，由于采用了大量的假设，这些结果往往与实际情况不符，一般公众很难有灾难的形象。这也是emp…更糟糕的是，关于灾难的持续信息对于有效的危机管理非常重要。但在1995年神户地震之前，除了几个先锋系统外，还没有合适的工具来收集实时信息。神户地震后，日本各国家和市政机构开始开发或加强实时地震灾害信息系统。然而，这类系统所使用的基础数据库和方法仍有待升级，信息共享系统尚未建立。本研究项目旨在充分利用强震估计方法、灾害评估方法、地理信息系统、互联网、卫星遥感等新工具，发展用于民用基础设施和建筑环境，特别是供水系统和高速公路网的实时减灾系统原型的基础理论和技术。该项目为期四年，包括三大领域，12个子课题：(A)实时减灾系统的基础数据和信息1)基于微震的基岩结构模拟，A2)利用地理信息系统进行动态土壤建模，a3)开发生命线系统的易损性曲线，a4)开发建筑物的易损性曲线，a5)建筑物的动态特性和抗震性能(B)实时减灾系统的方法b1)地震地面运动的随机内插，b2)地面变形的空间变化建模，b3)灾害在空间和时间上的传播模型(C)开发实时减灾系统的实用工具c1)生命线系统的实时损害估计和控制，c2)地理信息系统在因特网上的应用，c3)使用移动地理信息系统和全球定位系统的实时通信工具，c4)用于减少地震损害检测的遥感