Development of Photonic Crystals and Control of Radiation Field

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1. We successfully fabricated a variety of three (3D) - and two (2D)-dimensional photonic crystals (PCs), as well as slab-type crystals in the optical and near-infrared region, and revealed their unique optical properties. For 3D samples, we have adopted several novel methods such as wafer-fusion, micro-manipulation and radiation-pressure ones. In particular, Professor S. Noda and his coworkers succeeded in developing a 3D crystal with a full band gap. Techniques of anodization of metal and semiconductor micromachining were utilized to fabricate both 2D and slab samples of good quality. At the same time, we developed various PCs with zero-(point), one-dimensional (1D)- and 2D defects. Furthermore, in the millimeter or submillimeter region, we also a new types of PCs such as ones with double-periodicity or quantum-well structures.2. We have verified that PCs are really suited for controlling light, by revealing novel aspects of interaction between light and a PC. Namely, we demonstrated … More or observed a few types of 2D photonic-crystal lasers, suppression of spontaneous emission due to a full band gap in a 3D PC, high extraction efficiency of light from an emitter embedded in a PC slab, direct observation of small group-velocity v_g, enhancement of SHG signal due to such a v_g, and Smith-Purcell radiation phenomenon due to interaction of high- speed traveling electrons with a PC. As for PCs with defects, we clarified superior properties of line-defect-based PC waveguides that can be bent sharply, ultra-small point-defect PC-based-cavity, channel-drop phenomena enabling one to couple light with a specific wavelength to a PC waveguide, and so on. We also observed efficient emission at submillimeter wavelengths from an element embedded in a PC.Those findings have enabled us to develop novel devices in opto-electronics.3. Theoretically, we developed an algorism for calculating the photonic band structure (PBS) in an arbitrary lattice, revealed PBS in a metal, and constructed a new theory treating PC generally, together with proposals of a few novel physical phenomena. Less