Systematic study of high energy cosmic-ray sources

高能宇宙射线源的系统研究

• 批准号: 11203101
• 负责人: YUDA Toshinori
• 金额: $ 31.1万
• 依托单位: Kanagawa University (2005)The University of Tokyo (1999, 2003-2004)Nagoya University (2000-2002)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1999 至 2004
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-11203101/
• 关键词: Tibet; Air-shower array; High energy gamma-ray; High energy cosmic-ray; knee region; Sun shadow; Solar neutron; Cosmic-ray anisotropy; 宇宙ガンマ線; 宇宙線加速; 空気シャワー観測装置; 一次宇宙線; 宇宙線放射天体; シンチレーション検出器; 太陽中性子望遠鏡; ガンマ線点源; カニ星雲; 活動的銀河核; ガンマ線天源; 活動銀河核

Gaining support of a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Area (712), we constructed a high sensitivity airshower array and a solar neutron telescope at Yangbajing (4300 m a.s.1) in Tibet in collaboration with Chinese scientists. The main purposes of this research project is to search for high-energy gamma rays from active celestial objects, to study very high energy Galactic cosmic rays and to observe high energy neutrons in association with solar flares. These observations are very important to clarify the origin of cosmic rays and its acceleration mechanism at the sources, both of which remain unsolved yet The airshower array (Tibet-I0 constructed before 1998 was gradually upgraded and improved from 1999 by adding new detectors and completed in 2003. The present array (Tibet-III) consists of about 800 scintillation detectors which are deployed at a grid of 7.5 m spacing covering the area of 37000 square meters. The trigger rate of airshower events is set to about 1.7kHz … More and the arrival direction of each event can be estimated with an inaccuracy of less than 0.9 degrees in the energy region over 3 TeV. The solar neutron telescope was completed in 1999 and it has been successively operated until now A few flare neutron events were observed during this solar cycle 23.The important results obtained until now are as follows.1) High energy gamma rays above about 3 TeV have been successively observed from the Crab Nebula and active galactic nudeiMrk421 and Mrk501. This is the first observation of the gamma-ray sources with air shower array in the world..2) An energy dependence of the large-scale anisotropy of the Galactic cosmic rays has been for the first time observed and also significant anisotropy of multi-TeV cosmic rays is observed in the direction of Cygnus region.3) Energy spectra of all-particles and protons around the knee have been observed. These results strongly suggest that the primary composition becomes heavy dominant with increasing primary energy at the knee region.4) A variation of the sun shadow during the solar activity cycle 23 was successively monitored with the air shower array, and a peculiar change appeared at the solar maximum, called Gnevyshev gap, was clearly observed.5) Neutrons associated with solar flares were detected with the solar neutron telescope. A comparison with the x-ray observation with GOES satellite shows that very high energy neutrons with its energy above 10 GeV may be created at some kind of solar flares.These are the first observations in the world and are related with the origin and acceleration of cosmic rays, the propagation of cosmic rays in the solar and interplanetary magnetic fields as well as in the Galaxy, and were published in the international journals. We reported these at the international conferences and/or workshops and also at the meetings of the Physical Society I of Japan. We made a summary report on the scientific results obtained during the period from 1999 through 2005. Less

在重点领域科学研究助学金(712)的支持下，我们与中国科学家合作，在西藏羊八井(4300 ma.s.1)建造了高灵敏度气簇阵和太阳中子望远镜。这项研究项目的主要目的是从活跃的天体中寻找高能伽马射线，研究超高能银河系宇宙射线，并观察与太阳耀斑相关的高能中子。这些观测对于阐明宇宙线的起源及其在源处的加速机制非常重要，这两个问题都尚未解决，但1998年前建造的气簇阵(西藏-I0)从1999年开始逐步升级和改进，增加了新的探测器，并于2003年完成。目前的阵列(西藏-III)由大约800个闪烁探测器组成，这些探测器以7.5m的网格间距部署，覆盖了37000平方米的面积。空气簇射事件的触发率设置为约1.7 kHz…更多，每个事件的到达方向可以在3TeV以上的能区内以小于0.9度的误差估计。太阳中子望远镜于1999年建成，至今已陆续投入使用，在第23个太阳活动周期间观测到了几次耀斑中子事件。目前所取得的重要成果如下：1)先后从蟹状星云和活动星系核中观测到了约3TeV以上的高能伽马射线。这是世界上第一次用空气簇射阵列观测伽马射线源。2)首次观测到银河系宇宙线大尺度各向异性的能量依赖性，并在天鹅座方向观测到多TeV宇宙线的显著各向异性。3)观测到了膝部周围所有粒子和质子的能谱。这些结果强烈地表明，随着膝盖区初级能量的增加，初级成分变得重占主导地位。4)利用空气簇射阵列连续监测了太阳活动第23周期间太阳阴影的变化，并在太阳活动极大时清楚地观察到了一个特殊的变化，称为Gnevyshev间隙。5)利用太阳中子望远镜探测到了与太阳耀斑有关的中子。与GOES卫星的X射线观测对比表明，在某种太阳耀斑中可能会产生能量超过10GeV的超高能中子。这是世界上首次观测到的，与宇宙射线的起源和加速有关，宇宙射线在太阳和行星际磁场以及银河系中的传播，并发表在国际期刊上。我们在国际会议和/或讲习班上以及在日本第一物理学会的会议上报告了这些情况。我们对1999年至2005年期间取得的科学成果作了总结报告。较少

项目成果

Multi-TeV Gamma-Ray Flares from Markarian 421 in 2000 and 2001 Observed with the Tibet Air Shower Array

• DOI: 10.1086/378350
• 发表时间: 2003-04
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: M. Amenomori;S. Ayabe;S. Cui;Danzengluobu;L. Ding;X. Ding;C. Feng;Z. Feng;Xiang Gao;Q. Geng;H. Guo;H. He;M. He;K. Hibino;N. Hotta;Haibing Hu;H. Hu;J. Huang;Q. Huang;H. Jia;F. Kajino;K. Kasahara;Y. Katayose;K. Kawata;Labaciren;G. Le;J. Li;H. Lu;S. L. Lu;X. Meng;K. Mizutani;J. Mu;H. Nanjo;M. Nishizawa;M. Ohnishi;I. Ohta;T. Ouchi;S. Ozawa;Jie Ren;T. Saito;M. Sakata;T. Sasaki;M. Shibata;A. Shiomi;T. Shirai;H. Sugimoto;K. Taira;M. Takita;Y. Tan;N. Tateyama;S. Torii;H. Tsuchiya;S. Udo;T. Utsugi;B. Wang;Hong Wang;X. Wang;Y. Wang;L. Xue;Y. Yamamoto;X. Yang;Z. Ye;G. Yu;A. Yuan;T. Yuda;H. Zhang;J. Zhang;N. Zhang;X. Zhang;Yizhe Zhang;Zhaxisangzhu;X. Zhou

Y. Katayose: "A solar neutron telescope in Tibet"Proc. 26th Inter. Cosmic Ray Conf.. 6. 58-61 (1999)

Y. Katayose：“西藏的太阳中子望远镜”Proc。

Observation of PeV gamma rays from the Monogem rings with the Tibet air shower array

用西藏空气簇射阵观测单宝石环的PeV伽马射线

• 发表时间: 2005
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal 635
• 作者: M.Amenomori et al.

M.Amenomori et al.: "Multi-TeV gamma-ray flares from Markarian 421 in 2000 and 2001 observed with the Tibet air shower array"The Astrophysical Journal. 598・1. 542-549 (2003)

M. Amenomori 等人：“2000 年和 2001 年用西藏空气簇射阵列观测到的来自 Markarian 421 的多 TeV 伽马射线耀斑”《天体物理学杂志》598・1 (2003)。

M.Amenomori et al.: "A study of the shadowing of galactic cosmic rays by the Sun in a quiet phase of solar activity"The Astrophysical Journal. 541・2. 1051-1058 (2000)

M. Amenomori 等人：“太阳活动安静阶段太阳对银河宇宙射线的阴影的研究”《天体物理学杂志》541・2（2000 年）。