Comprehensive Framework for the Building of a Legal System (2) Current Situation and Agenda of Judicial Reform

近年来，从社会主义制度向市场经济制度过渡的亚洲各国，为了构筑适应市场化的新的法律的基础设施，正在向以日本为中心的外国寻求人才和知识方面的支援。日本政府自1996年开始对越南、老挝、柬埔寨等国实施法律的援助计划。然而，在实施这些方案的过程中，出现了一些根本性的问题。其中包括询问法律的援助的理念是什么以及哪些法律领域应成为提供援助的目标的问题。在这一优先领域的研究中，对该领域正在进行的法律的援助活动进行了学术审查，以期建立一个关于法律的援助研究的新学科。该研究小组与这些亚洲国家的学术机构联合开展研究，组织国际会议和实地研究等，以审查这些亚洲转型期国家司法和法律的制度改革的现状和挑战，并以土地使用和私有化问题为目标。研究结果和成果以“法律的援助和市场化（土地和土地利用）”报告的形式发表（海野胜、松本恒雄、车泽义树编辑）。这份报告有助于澄清越南和中国土地使用的法律的问题的现状和议程。我们希望在这些成果的基础上进行进一步的研究。

In recent years, Asian countries that are in the process of shifting from the socialist system to the market economy system are seeking human resources and knowledge-based assistance from foreign countries, particularly Japan, in order to build up a new legal infrastructure responsive to the move to marketization. Japanese government has started its legal assistance programs for Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia, etc, since 1996. However, in the course of implementing these programs, some fundamental questions emerged. Among them are questions asking what the philosophy of legal assistance is and what areas of law should be the targets for providing assistance. In this priority area research, academic reviews of the ongoing legal assistance activities in the field are conducted with a view to constructing a new discipline on legal assistance studies. The research group organized joint research with academic institutions in these Asian countries, international conferences and field research, etc, in order to examine the current state of and challenges to the reform of the judicial and legal systems in those Asian transitional countries, by targeting the issue of land use and privatization. Findings and outcomes of the research are published in the form of a report on "Legal Assistance and Marketization (Land and Land Use)" (Kaino Michiatsu, Matsumoto Tsuneo, Kurumisawa Yoshiki, eds). This report helps clarify the current situation and agenda of legal issues surrounding land use in Vietnam and China. We expect that further research will be conducted on the basis of these achievements.