Four-Dimensional Structure of Atmospheric Waves and Energy Transportation

1.进行了三次无线电探空活动，并通过常规探空仪观测，澄清了大气重力波和潮汐，以及对流层和平流层中重力波与平均风之间的相互作用。利用赤道大气雷达(EAR)和TRMM卫星研究了重力波在EAR上的活动。讨论了地形的影响。结合印度MST雷达结果，发现热带对流是重力波的重要来源。无线电探空仪和GPS掩星测量已经阐明了平流层开尔文波的结构、与对流层源的联系以及长期变化。利用MLT雷达网、无线电探空仪、OLR数据和定时卫星数据，在5-8天的周期波上阐明了对流层的结构、传播以及主要分量的转变。对流层和平流层大气波的势能(Ep)有…使用GPS无线电掩星数据进行了更多的分析。对流层对流和QBQ-大气波相互作用产生的波是产生EP气候学的主要因素。雅加达和印度的雷达资料已经阐明了大气潮汐的变化、平流层和MLT区QBO之间的关系以及MLT的经圈环流趋势。短周期(&lt；60 mm)重力波的传播和与累积对流的关联已经通过气辉成像器和模型得到了阐明。通过与成像仪和激光雷达的合作雷达观测，阐明了风与电离层等离子体之间以及风与金属层之间的相互作用。综上所述，通过地面和卫星观测，弄清了由累积对流引起的大气波产生和传播的四维结构(时间、高度、空间分布)。此外，长期观测数据(EAR、MLT雷达、卫星)也澄清了赤道动力学的长期变化。较少

1. Radiosonde campaigns were carried out for three times, and with routine sonde observations atmospheric gravity waves and tides, and interaction between gravity waves and mean winds in the troposphere and the stratosphere have been clarified.2. Gravity wave activities over Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) have been studied with the EAR and TRMM satellite. Effect of topography was discussed. By combining Indian MST radar results, tropical convections have been found to be an important source of gravity waves.3. Structures, association with tropospheric sources, and long term variabilities of stratospheric Kelvin waves have been clarified with radiosondes and GPS occultation measurements.4. With an MLT radar network, radiosondes, OLR data and TIMED satellite data, structures, propagation from troposphere, as well as transitions of dominant components have been clarified on 5-8 day period waves.5. Potential energies (Ep) of atmospheric waves in the troposphere and stratosphere have bee … More n analyzed using GPS radio occultation data. Wave generations by tropospheric convections and QBQ-atmospheric wave interactions are found to be the major factor of producing Ep climatology.6. Variabilities of atmospheric tides, relations between QBOs in the MLT region and in the stratosphere, trends of meridional circulations in the MLT have been clarified using radars in Jakarta and India.7. Propagations of short-period (<60 mim) gravity waves and associations with cumulous convections has been clarified with airglow imagers and modelings.8. Interactions between wind and ionospheric plasmas, and between winds and metallic layers have been clarified with collaborative radar observations with imagers and lidars.To summarize, four-dimensional structures (time, height, spatial distributions) of generations and propagations of atmospheric waves caused by cumulous convections have been clarified with ground-based and satellite observations. Also, long term observational data (EAR, MLT radars, satellites) have been clarifying long-term variabilities of equatorial dynamics. Less