Development of Combined Remote-sensing Technique of Humidity Profiles

湿度是解释气象现象详细行为的最重要参数。然而，用于连续监测湿度分布的遥感技术尚未完全投入实际使用。在这项研究中，一个新的遥感技术的水汽廓线已开发的基础上的湿度估计技术与大气雷达。另一种遥感方法，即拉曼激光雷达和全球定位系统已经开发，旨在更精确的估计结合这些数据相应。本研究的主要内容如下：1.利用大气雷达湍流回波强度与垂直湿度梯度之间的相关性，发展了估算湿度廓线的雷达遥感技术。该方法还将GPS可降水量数据引入到反演算法中，以保证稳定的估算。MU雷达-RASS的湿度廓线成功地阐明了详细的湿度分布， ...更多信息 在雨云中的结构，这是没有观察到的其他传统技术。改进了Shiraraki天文台的激光雷达系统，以检测旋转拉曼信号，从而能够监测温度和湿度分布。新系统还插入了一个窄带滤光片，使我们能够在白天进行观测。与MU雷达开发的湿度估计方法应用于风廓线雷达，运行在L波段监测大气边界层中的详细湿度廓线。通过将其与MU雷达-RASS测量相结合，我们成功地估计了0.2-7.5 km之间宽高度范围内的湿度分布。下视GPS无线电掩星技术可以提供高垂直分辨率的大气温湿廓线。为了使这种DL技术切实可行，我们在富士山顶进行了测量实验。我们成功地从DL测量数据中反演了温度和湿度廓线，这与富士山附近的无线电探空仪观测结果一致。少

Humidity is the most important parameters to elucidate the detailed behavior of meteorological phenomena. However, a remote-sensing sensing technique to continuously monitor humidity profiles has not been fully available for practical use. In this study a new remote-sensing technique for water vapor profiling has been developed based on the humidity estimation technique with an atmosphere radar. The other remote sensing method, i.e. Raman lidar and GPS have been developed aimed at more precise estimation combining these data accordingly. The detail of the study is summarized as follows.1. Radar remote-sensing technique to estimate humidity profiles was developed using a correlation between the turbulent echo intensity with an atmosphere radar and vertical humidity gradient. In the method we also incorporated GPS precipitable water vapor data into the retrieval algorithm for a stable estimation. The humidity profiles with the MU radar-RASS successfully elucidated the detailed humidity s … More tructure in rain-clouds which had not been observed by other conventional techniques.2. A lidar system at the Shiraraki observatory was improved to detect rotation Raman signal to enable to monitor temperature and humidity profiles. The new system also inserted a narrow-band optical filter which allows us a daytime observation.3. The humidity estimation method developed with the MU radar was applied to a wind profiler radar, operated on L-band to monitor detailed humidity profiles in an atmospheric boundary layer. By combining that with the MU radar-RASS measurement, we successfully estimated humidity profiles at a wide height range between 0.2-7.5 km.4. Downward-looking (DL) GPS radio occultation technique is known to provide the atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles with high vertical resolution. With the objective of making this DL technique practicable, we performed the measurement experiment on the top of Mt.Fuji. We succeeded in retrieving the temperature and humidity profiles, which agree with the radiosonde observations near Mt.Fuji, from the DL measurement data. Less