Observation of spatial distributions of aerosol characteristics by the satellite sensor and the airborne systems.

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A new balloon borne Optical Particle Counter, which is suitable for tropospheric aerosol observations, was developed in this program. Size distributions of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols over Fukuoka, southern-west Japan were observed by the balloon borne OPC. Vertical profiles of optical properties, including depolarization ratio, were also observed with a multi wave lidar. Aerosol layers with high depolarization ratio in the free troposphere, around altitude of 5 to 10 km, observed by the lidar were corresponding to the layer with high concentration of giant particles of several μm in diameter. Relative humidity of those layers often became larger than 70 %. They suggest that non-spherical aerosols in the layers play important roles in cloud processes in the middle troposphere over East Asia.Observations of aerosol size distribution and recovery of aerosol particles over highland of central Kyusyu were performed with Unmanned airplane systems. Observations over northern Kyusyu are also performed at Mt.Raizan and Karatsu Bay in the spring of 2003, 04, and 05. Types of individual particles were identified by elemental composition of individual particles analyzed with a SEM-EDX. Especially, external and internal mixing states of mineral and sea salt compositions were examined. Cloud activities along the track to the observed air masses were also examined by trajectory analyses, satellite cloud images, and relative humidity by radio sondes. They suggest that mixture of mineral and sea salt particles are formed in the boundary layer, in witch temperature is lower than sea surface temperature. It suggests that fogs over the sea between Asia continent and Japan can act as effective process to generate the mixture particles.