Immune Surveillance, Its cellular and molecular basis, regulation and maintenance

“免疫监视”的概念最早是在近50年前提出的，作为一种在新生癌细胞发展成临床明显肿瘤之前消除它们的机制。然而，尽管在肿瘤免疫学方面取得了显著进展，但这一概念的基本性质尚未在细胞或分子水平上得到充分阐明。免疫监视系统不仅在癌症的控制中，在严重感染的预防以及自身反应性免疫反应的调节中也起着至关重要的作用。本专项旨在广泛开展小鼠和人免疫监测系统的结构基础、监测网络的调节和维持及其临床意义的基础研究。2006年是这个为期四年的免疫监测机制项目的最后一年。作为“Summation Group （Sokatsu-han）”的活动之一，我们特别促进了研究人员之间的互动，以促进他们在澄清免疫监视机制的细胞和分子基础以及发明修复和加强我们体内监视的研究活动。2006年共发表论文200余篇。其中30篇论文发表在IF: 20以上期刊，60篇论文发表在IF:10-20期刊。我们于2007年2月14、15日在东京召开了第二届免疫监测国际研讨会。我们邀请了11位来自美国和欧洲的外国发言人，他们在免疫监测方面进行了广泛的研究。它非常成功。4年间共发表论文600篇。其中在IF期刊发表论文205篇，10余篇。申请专利50余项。我们举办了3场大型研讨会，其中包括2场国际研讨会。

The concept of "Immune Surveillance" was first proposed almost 50 years ago as a mechanism for elimination of nascent cancer cells before they develop into clinically evident tumors. However, the fundamental nature of this concept has not yet been fully clarified at either the cellular or molecular level, even though remarkable progress has been made in tumor immunology. Not only in the control of cancer, Immune Surveillance system plays a crucial role in the prevention of severe infection as well as the regulation of autoreactive immune responses. The objective of this special project is to broadly develop the basic research concerning the structural basis of the immune surveillance system in mice and humans, the regulation and maintenance of the surveillance network, and its clinical significance.Year 2006 was the last year of this 4-years-term project on the Immune Surveillance Mechanism. As one of the activities of the "Summation Group (Sokatsu-han)", we especially promoted the interaction between researchers in order to facilitate their research activities on the clarification of the cellular and molecular basis of immune surveillance mechanism as well as invention to repair and reinforcement of the surveillance in our body. During 2006, over 200 papers were published. Among them, 30 papers were published in Journals of IF : over 20, and 60 papers in Journals of IF :10-20. We held the Second International Symposium on the Immune Surveillance at Tokyo on February 14, 15, 2007. We invited 11 foreign speakers from US and Europe who have been extensively developing their research on immune surveillance. It was very successful. During 4 years, 600 papers were published. Among them, 205 papers were reported in the Journals of IF : over 10. Over 50 patents were applied. We held 3 major symposia including 2 international symposia.