Non-equilibrium dynamics of long-range interacting quantum systems and their applications to quantum metrology

量子计量学使用诸如干涉、纠缠或非常一般的非经典量子态之类的量子效应来增加物理量测量的灵敏度。 相互作用起着核心作用，因为一方面需要它们来创建非经典状态，另一方面它们可以以与粒子数量成正比的精度进行测量。 本计画针对目前尚未被探索的第二种可能性，将研究具有长程相互作用的动态驱动开放量子系统中的不同非平衡态，并探讨其对量子计量学的有用性。（淬火）动力学的相互作用多体系统，并检查其效用，增加灵敏度的测量外部参数，例如电磁场。我们将阐明相空间结构对灵敏度的作用，并开发和实现有效的量子算法来模拟开放的复杂量子系统。 在实验上，我们将采用二维云的冷囚禁原子耦合共振激光的高度激发里德堡态的存在下，控制电场。电场的小而快的变化允许相应的长程偶极-偶极相互作用强度的动态调谐。这将使我们能够实现不同类型的动态驱动方案，并调整弛豫和电离速率。使用具有高时空分辨率的离子显微镜，我们将在这个驱动的相互作用的量子系统中执行空间和时间的动态和相关性的精确测量。将进行一个用长程相互作用里德伯原子测量电场的原理验证实验。

Quantum metrology uses quantum effects such as interference, entanglement, or very generally non-classical quantum states to increase the sensitivity of the measurement of physical quantities. Interactions play a central role, as on the one hand they are needed to create the non-classical states, and on the other hand they can be measured themselves with a precision that scales favorably with the number of particles. The project aims at this second, so far little explored possibility and will investigate different non-equilibrium states in dynamically driven open quantum systems with long-range interactions and explore their usefulness for quantum metrology.Theoretically, we will study adiabatic and non-adiabatic (quenched) dynamics of the interacting many-body systems and examine their utility for increasing the sensitivity of measurements of external parameters, such as electromagnetic fields. We will elucidate the role of underlying phase-space structures for the sensitivity and develop and implement efficient quantum algorithms for simulating open complex quantum systems. Experimentally, we will employ two-dimensional clouds of cold trapped atoms coupled by resonant lasers to the highly excited Rydberg states in the presence of controlled electric fields. Small and fast changes of the electrical field permit dynamical tuning of the corresponding long-range dipole-dipole interaction strength. This will allow us to realise different kinds of dynamical driving schemes and to tune the relaxation and ionisation rates. Using an ion microscope with high spatiotemporal resolution, we will perform precise measurements of the spatial and temporal dynamics and correlations in this driven interacting quantum system. A proof-of-principle experiment for measuring the electric field with long-range interacting Rydberg atoms will be performed.