Bromine and Chlorine budget in the Asian Monsoon outflow during PHILEAS

在这项提案中，我们申请了资金，以便使用HALO飞机参加Phileas(探测高纬度亚洲夏季风输出空气)活动。Ghost是一个双通道GC和GC/MS系统，在法兰克福大学的Halo上开发和建造。菲利亚斯运动的中心问题是调查亚洲季风反气旋(AMA)的外流及其对混合到低平流层的气团的影响。美因茨大学(Peter Hoor教授)向Phileas运动提出的协调建议中概述了这项运动的科学背景和费用。在菲利亚斯期间，Halo将调查背景UTLS(上对流层/下平流层)，并在第一阶段从Oberpfaffenhofen向西直接从地中海上空的季风环流流出。在活动的第二阶段，光环将设在阿拉斯加，探测季风区向东流出的空气。由于Rossby波的活动，阿拉斯加的活动基地很有可能观测到太平洋平流层低层AMA下落的气团。使用Halo上的Ghost仪器进行的测量将提供关于具有不同寿命和不同源/汇特性的各种示踪剂的信息。测量的重点是卤化微量气体以及作为平均年龄示踪剂的SF6。根据设置的不同，幽灵MS通道的焦点要么是氯，要么是溴家族。在该提案中，计划进行测量，并将观测结果用于与菲利亚斯有关的三个不同的研究问题：(I)海洋和大气管理局的溴预算是多少，这对平流层低层有何影响？(二)美国环境保护局和空气保护局的氯气预算是多少？(3)是否存在人为污染(如使用CH2Cl2或HCFC-22)或生物质燃烧(CH3Cl)的影响，例如，这些影响可能与北方火灾有关。除了这些直接目标外，还计划进一步利用这些数据，结合我们小组在DFG CRC 301(TPChange)框架内资助的IAGOS-CARIBIC测量，研究对流层顶区域的全球卤化碳分布。此外，这些数据将被提供给DFG资助的项目QUANTITEE，并在其中利用，以调查运输时间分布。

In this proposal we apply for funding to participate in the PHILEAS (Probing High Latitude Export of air from the Asian Summer Monsoon) campaign with the HALO aircraft using the GhOST instrument. GhOST is a two-channel GC and GC/MS system, developed and build for operation on HALO at the University Frankfurt. The central question of the PHILEAS campaign is the investigation of the of the outflow of the Asian Monsoon Anticyclone (AMA) and its influence on the air masses mixed into the lower stratosphere. The scientific background and the costs of the campaign have been outlined in the co-ordination proposal to the PHILEAS campaign by the University Mainz (Prof. Dr. Peter Hoor). During PHILEAS, HALO will investigate the background UTLS (upper troposphere/lower stratosphere) and direct westward outflow from the Monsoon circulation over the Mediterranean in a first phase from Oberpfaffenhofen. In a second phase of the campaign HALO will be based in Alaska to probe eastward outflow of air from the monsoon region. Due to Rossby wave activity, the campaign base in Alaska offers a high probability to observe air masses shed of from the AMA in the lower stratosphere over the Pacific Ocean. The measurements with the GhOST instrument on HALO will provide information on a wide range of tracers, with different lifetimes and different source/sink characteristics. The emphasis of the measurements is on halogenated trace gases and in addition SF6 as mean age tracer. Depending on the set-up, the focus of the GhOST MS channel is either on the chlorine or on the bromine family. Within the proposal it is planned to perform the measurements and to use the observations for three distinct research questions related to PHILEAS: (i) What is the bromine budget in the AMA and how does this influence the lower stratosphere? (ii) What is the chlorine budget in the AMA and in air shed from the AMA? (iii) Is there an influence of anthropogenic pollution (use of e.g. CH2Cl2 or HCFC-22) or of biomass burning (CH3Cl), which could for example be related to boreal fires. In addition to these direct objectives, it is planned to further use the data for studies of global distributions of halocarbons in the tropopause region by combination with IAGOS-CARIBIC measurements funded in our group within the DFG CRC 301 (TPChange). Further, the data will be provided to and exploited in the DFG funded project QUANTITEE to investigate transit time distributions.