Alternative models to the bilateral arrangement as a solution to ABS challenges

双边安排的替代模式作为解决获取和惠益分享挑战的方案

• 批准号: 505443509
• 负责人: Dr. Evanson Chege Kamau
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Rechtswissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/505443509?language=en
• 关键词: Alternative; models; bilateral; arrangement; solution

Based on the concept of sovereign rights of States over their natural resources which was first established by the UN General Assembly in 1962 under Resolution 1803 XVIII the CBD introduced a bilateral quid pro quo arrangement of exchange of genetic resources (GR) and traditional knowledge associated to such resources (aTK) and the benefits arising from their utilization between their providers and users. Its article 15 establishes a system of control by the provider based on prior informed consent (PIC) and mutually agreed terms (MAT) as well as the requirement of the user to share benefits from utilization. This system has functioned dismally (Prip and Rosendal 2015) and the benefit-sharing project is judged by some authors as having failed (Muller et al. December 2019; Muller 2015; Winter 2021). With the parties to the CBD agreeing on a binding instrument that required providers to implement legislative, administrative or policy measures which ensure legal certainty, clarity and transparency, and users to put measures in place which ensure compliance with provider rules and facilitated tracking and monitoring of the value chain, it was thought that with the Nagoya Protocol (NP) of 2010 these challenges and the ensuing mess would be eliminated (Kamau 2014). The reality is discouraging 29 and 10 years since the adoption of the CBD and the NP respectively. Even with the new laws attempting to reach conformity with the NP, access and benefit-sharing (ABS) retain a myriad of challenges. In particular monetary benefit-sharing, which is consequential for conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, has been poorly realized. Our hypothesis is that the core of these challenges lies with the bilateral quid pro quo arrangement. Besides, bilateralism is considered a poor fit to modalities of access and use of and benefit-sharing from digital sequence information (DSI) (Laird et al., 2020; Scholz et al., 2020) which is a basis for the real source of (monetary) benefits, and the ownership of which is currently a major issue of contention between providers and users. Based on an analysis and explanation of the achievements and failures of the present system the research project aims to examine alternative models with the substantial question of linking or delinking sovereign rights and benefit-sharing. The theme is very topical and the project timely given the current discussions of multilateral benefit-sharing in several fora, and the decisions that will be taken over the next few years. Indeed, deliberations in this regard have started at the CBD level.

根据联合国大会于1962年根据第1803 XVIII号决议首次确立的国家对其自然资源的主权权利概念，《生物多样性公约》提出了一项双边交换安排，交换遗传资源（GR）和与这些资源相关的传统知识（aTK）以及提供者和使用者之间利用这些资源所产生的惠益。其第15条规定了一种由提供者根据事先知情同意和共同商定条件以及用户分享利用利益的要求进行控制的制度。这一系统的运作很糟糕（Prip和Rosendal 2015），一些作者认为利益分享项目已经失败（Muller等人）。2019年12月;穆勒2015;冬天2021)。随着《生物多样性公约》缔约方就一项具有约束力的文书达成一致，该文书要求供应商实施立法、行政或政策措施，确保法律确定性、清晰度和透明度，用户采取措施，确保遵守供应商规则，并促进对价值链的跟踪和监测，人们认为，随着2010年《名古屋议定书》（NP）的签署，这些挑战和随之而来的混乱将被消除（Kamau 2014）。现实是令人沮丧的，在分别通过CBD和NP的29年和10年之后。即使新的法律试图达到与NP一致，获取和利益分享（ABS）仍然存在无数的挑战。特别是货币利益分享，这对生物多样性的保护和可持续利用至关重要，但实现得很差。我们的假设是，这些挑战的核心在于双边交换条件安排。此外，双边主义被认为不适合数字序列信息（DSI）的获取、使用和利益分享模式（Laird等人，2020；Scholz等人，2020），这是（货币）利益真正来源的基础，其所有权目前是提供者和用户之间争论的主要问题。在对现行制度的成就和失败进行分析和解释的基础上，该研究项目旨在考察具有联系或断开主权权利和利益分享的实质性问题的替代模式。鉴于目前几个论坛正在讨论多边利益分享问题，以及今后几年将作出的决定，该主题非常具有时效性，该项目也很及时。事实上，这方面的讨论已经在生物多样性公约层面展开。