Effects of Proton Beam and Solar Light Irradiation in Multiple-cation Halide Perovskites

包括杂化无机有机钙钛矿(HIOP)在内的卤化物钙钛矿材料因其与器件相关的高吸收系数、高载流子迁移率和低激子结合能值等与光伏、发光二极管和光电探测器相关的特性而彻底改变了光电子学领域。尽管近年来钙钛矿薄膜的器件应用得到了广泛的研究，但外界刺激因素如温度、湿度和高能辐射的影响仍难以明确理解。由于本征和外在效应都会影响钙钛矿材料的光物理性质，因此对辐射效应等外界刺激的详细了解对于进一步优化太阳能电池器件是至关重要的。这个德国-法国联盟将研究通过质子(H+)辐照提高钙钛矿材料的缺陷容忍度来提高其稳定性的基本方面。H+Boost项目的科学目标将针对成分工程的多阳离子HOIP，这些HOIP将通过高能质子辐照处理而硬化为原子级缺陷。中心目标是展示~1 MeV质子辐照的钙钛矿型太阳能电池的后合成工艺是否可以应用于不同的HOIPs光伏器件架构，并适用于其他HOIPs组成，以提高其环境和操作稳定性。此外，还将系统地研究通过~1 MeV质子辐照引起的本征点缺陷的作用，以阐明与老化过程中的光伏稳定性和耐久性相关的缺陷辅助过程。该项目结合了德国研究小组在确定的HIOP单晶和薄膜的化学工程以及它们在太阳能电池器件中的集成方面的免费专业知识，以及法国合作伙伴在质子辐射和空间分辨显微镜和光谱分析方面的专业知识，以将缺陷形成与太阳能电池性能相关联。

Halide perovskites including hybrid inorganic organic perovskites (HIOPs) have revolutionized the field of optoelectronics due to their promising device-related properties that include high absorption coefficients, high charge-carrier mobilities and low exciton binding energy values relevant for photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and photodetectors. While the device applications of perovskite thin films have been extensively investigated in the recent years, unambiguous understanding on the influence of external stimulants such as temperature, humidity and high-energy radiation remains elusive. Since both intrinsic and extrinsic effects can influence the photo-physical properties of perovskite materials, detailed understanding of external stimuli such as radiation effects is crucial for further optimization of solar cell devices. This German-French consortium will investigate fundamental aspects of improving the stability of perovskite materials by increasing their defect-tolerance through proton (H+) irradiation. The scientific objectives of the H+BOOST project will target compositionally engineered multiple-cation HOIPs that will be hardened towards atomic level defects by high-energy proton irradiation treatments. The central goal is to demonstrate whether a post-synthesis processing of perovskite solar cells with ~1 MeV proton irradiation can be applied to different HOIPs PV device architectures and adapted to other HOIPs composition for enhancing their environmental and operational stability. Moreover, the compositionally engineered quadruple-cation lead perovskites will be systematically investigated towards the role of intrinsic point defects induced via ~1 MeV proton irradiation to clarify defect-assisted processes relevant to PV stability and durability during ageing. This project combines the complimentary expertise of the German research group in chemical engineering of defined HIOP single crystals and thin films as well as their integration in solar cell devices with the expertise of the French partners in proton irradiation and spatially resolved microscopy and spectroscopy to correlate defect formation with solar cell performance.