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Dynamics of the Ocean Biosystem

海洋生物系统动力学

基本信息

批准号：
12NP0201
负责人：
TSUKAMOTO Katsumi
金额：
$ 449.28万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2000 至 2004
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Primary results of the 5-year research activities are as follows.[Team Roundup]Based on the marine organisms, a new understanding of life which is different from the previous one obtained for tentstial lives was discussed by comparing physico-chemical characteristics and life histories between the sea and land.[Team Evolution]Comprehensive phylogenetic relationships of teleost fishes were resolved on the basis of unprecedentedly huge data sets of complete mitochondrial genome sequences from more than 700 species representing major groups of fishes. Evolutionary processes of five major groups of deep-sea chemosynthesis-based communities were elucidated through ecological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.[Team Adaptation]Physiological studies showed that atrial natriuretic peptide is a new hormone that plays a key role in seawater adaptation in eels. A number of genes that are intimately related to population dynamics were identified in the rotifer, and parallel changes in their expre … More ssion were demonstrated using newly-developed assay. A novel protein that is involved in shell formation was identified in the pearl oyster, and its sites of expression were localized in the shell.[Team Linkage]Through a series of investigation on pigment composition of phytoplankton, fine structures of zooplankton and group-specific production rates of bacteria, the diversity-function relationships were clarified.[Team Fluctuation]In order to know the dynamic mechanism controlling the size distribution of marine living and non-living particles, new high-resolution analytical methods were introduced. Vertical distribution of living and non-living particles was determined and their formation mechanism was found. Large population fluctuations of living marine resources experienced in the high latitudinal waters have been found to stem from large year-to-year variations of recruitment owing to variable early life history parameters. Marine pollutions by anthropogenic chemicals have been found to damage physiological and reproductive functions of diverse marine animals, and the surveilance system of the pollutions should be essentially important.Populations of living marine resources are characterized by uncertainty, complexity, and unsteadiness, which requires management theory other than MSY such as adaptive management approach for sustainable use ofthe resources. Less

5年来的主要研究成果如下。[Roundup团队]以海洋生物为基础，通过比较海洋和陆地的物理化学性质和生活史，讨论了对生命的新认识，不同于以往对触角生物的理解。[团队进化]基于代表主要鱼类群体的700多种鱼类的空前庞大的线粒体基因组全序列数据集，解决了硬骨鱼的全面系统发育关系。通过生态学和分子系统发育分析，阐明了五大类深海化学合成群落的进化过程。[团队适应]生理学研究表明，心房利钠肽是一种新的激素，在鳗鱼的海水适应中发挥关键作用。在轮虫中发现了许多与种群动态密切相关的基因，它们的表达…也发生了平行的变化用新开发的方法证明了更多的SSION。在珍珠牡蛎中发现了一种参与贝壳形成的新蛋白质，并将其表达位置定位在贝壳中。[团队链接]通过对浮游植物的色素组成、浮游动物的精细结构和细菌群体特定产量的一系列研究，阐明了多样性与功能的关系。[团队波动]为了了解控制海洋生物和非生物颗粒尺寸分布的动力学机制，引入了新的高分辨率分析方法。测定了生物粒子和非生物粒子的垂直分布，并对其形成机理进行了探讨。在高纬度水域经历的海洋生物资源种群的大幅波动被认为是由于早期生命史参数不同而造成的每年较大的补充量变化。海洋人为化学物质污染损害了多种海洋动物的生理和生殖功能，其监测体系至关重要。海洋生物资源的种群具有不确定性、复杂性和不稳定性的特点，这就需要除MSY外的管理理论，如适应性管理方法，以实现资源的可持续利用。较少