降ひょうと下降流突風(ダウンバースト)による災害に関する研究

冰雹和下沉阵风（下击暴流）灾害研究

• 批准号: 62020005
• 负责人: 小元 敬男
• 金额: $ 4.74万
• 依托单位: Osaka Prefecture University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Research in Natural Disasters
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1985 至 1987
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-62020005/
• 关键词: 降ひょう; 突風; 下降気流; ダウンバースト; マイクロバースト; ひょう害; 防災ネット; ひょう粒

本年度は6月2日〜20日の期間, 群馬県でレーダー, 降ひょう計, 風向風速計などによる特別観測を実施した. この期間, 雷雨の発生が異常に少なく, 良いデータと取れなかったが, 5月から3カ月間連続的に実施した降ひょう計による観測では, 弱いながら対象地域で4回降ひょうが記録された.62年は全国的にも前2年に比べて規模・回数共ひょう害と突風災害の少なかった年であったが, 東京で7月25日と31日の激しい雷雨に伴ったダウンバーストにより死傷者がでた. この2事例について詳細な事例解析を行った. 25日には, 羽田空港の建設小屋が吹き飛ばされて死者がでたほか地上に待機中の航空機数機が被害を受けた. 31日の場合は, 突風によって横転したクレーン車によってやはり建設小屋が押しつぶされ死者がでた.本年度は3ヶ年計画の最終年度に当たる. 成果の一部を以上に列記する(1)関東甲信地方の降ひょうに幾つか興味ある気候学的特徴が見出された.イ)1940年頃を境にひょう害発生頻度の年変化パターンが変わった. (吉野)ロ)大きなひょう粒は関東平野の北部に多く, その他ではあまり降らない.ハ)突風を伴う降ひょうは7月上旬に多く, 埼玉県の北部にとくに多い.(2)果樹のひょう害防止用ネットの網目の大きさは被害防止率とネットの遮光の影響の2点を考慮すると12mmが最適である. (平田)(3)下降流突風の乱れの成分は, 突風発生直後の方が十分時間が経過した時よりも高周波成分をより多く含んでいる. (丈字)(4)積乱雲の数値実験の結果次のことが分かった. (中村)イ)上層の湿度が低いほど強い下降流が生成される.ロ)積乱雲のタイプは上層の湿度分布と密接な関係がある.(5)関東地方のひょう粒のembryo(芽)には秋田県の場合に比較して凍結水滴起源のものが多い. (梶川)

During the period from June 2 to June 20 this year, the group will hold an annual meeting, reduce the price, and make a special payment to the speed planning and training department. During the summer, thunderstorm weather cycles are often reduced, good weather cycles are selected, and monthly weather schedules are applied in May and March. Weak weather weather regions fall back in the number of weather records. In 62, the total number of disasters in the first two years of the year was lower than that in the first two years of the year, and the total number of accidents was reduced. In Beijing on July 25 and 31, a thunderstorm was accompanied by a thunderstorm, a thunderstorm, and a thunderstorm. Please tell me about the case parsing line. On the 25th, the construction hut of Haneda airport was killed, the dead were killed, the aircraft and the aircraft were killed. In the morning of the 31st, there was a sudden delay in the construction of a cabin for the dead. This year's three-year plan will be the most popular in this year. The results are as follows: (1) in the first part of the book, there is a special report on the special features of the study. In 1940, the environment caused serious damage to the health of the population. (Yoshino) (Yoshino) Takeshi, Hirano, Hirano, Yoshino, Yoshino. In the first ten days of July, there was a lot of rain in the first ten days of July. (2) in the north of the city, there was a lot of rain. (2) the prevention rate of damage caused by the use of Internet users. The shading effect of sunshade is the most serious in the first ten days of July. (2) it is the most popular in the north of the city. (Peitian) (3) the components of downflow and chaos, and the high-cycle components of high-frequency waves in 10% of the time. (father-in-law) (4) if you don't know how to count, you can't tell you what to do. (Nakamura) on the upper floor, the humidity is low and the downflow is strong. (5) the humidity distribution is closely connected with each other. (5) the local grain embryo (bud) is more common than the water droplet origin. (Takagawa)