Hybridization as a path to success? Adaptive hybridization in willows in face of biotic and abiotic pressures

杂交在被子植物中很普遍。它会导致基因渗入和功能性状的新组合，比如防御化学。本文将以柳属为研究对象，探讨杂种在面对生物和非生物选择压力时的适应价值是否推动了植物的杂交。我们将首先探索杂种是否在非生物条件下沿着梯度扩展其亲本物种的生态位和功能多样性。然后，我们将测试杂交化学中的化学α-和β-多样性如何帮助它们避免被不同专业化水平的昆虫食草。最后，我们将包括实地调查和捕食者的实验室实验，以测试信息化学物质介导的杂交化学中化学α-和β-多样性的影响是否在多营养环境下发生变化。利用包括各种胁迫效应在内的综合方法，将有助于我们在前人研究的基础上对植物杂交和植物化学多样性的作用进行概括。

Hybridization is widespread among angiosperms. It leads to introgression and new combinations of functional traits, such as defensive chemistry. Here we will use Salix as a diverse and dominant key-stone plant genus to explore if the hybridization in plants is fuelled by the adaptive value of hybrids in face of biotic and abiotic selection pressures. We will first explore if hybrids extend the ecological niches and functional diversity in their parental species along gradients in abiotic conditions. Then, we will test how chemical α- and β-diversity in hybrid chemistry help them to avoid herbivory by insects with different levels of specialization. Finally, we will include field surveys and laboratory experiments with predators to test if the effects of chemical α- and β-diversity in hybrid chemistry mediated by infochemicals change in the multitrophic context. Using an integrative approach including effects of various types of stress will help us to bridge the results of previous studies to draw generalizations on plant hybridization and roles of chemical diversity in plants.