Hybridization as a path to success? Adaptive hybridization in willows in face of biotic and abiotic pressures

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Hybridization is widespread among angiosperms. It leads to introgression and new combinations of functional traits, such as defensive chemistry. Here we will use Salix as a diverse and dominant key-stone plant genus to explore if the hybridization in plants is fuelled by the adaptive value of hybrids in face of biotic and abiotic selection pressures. We will first explore if hybrids extend the ecological niches and functional diversity in their parental species along gradients in abiotic conditions. Then, we will test how chemical α- and β-diversity in hybrid chemistry help them to avoid herbivory by insects with different levels of specialization. Finally, we will include field surveys and laboratory experiments with predators to test if the effects of chemical α- and β-diversity in hybrid chemistry mediated by infochemicals change in the multitrophic context. Using an integrative approach including effects of various types of stress will help us to bridge the results of previous studies to draw generalizations on plant hybridization and roles of chemical diversity in plants.