Molecular regulation and ecological consequences of chemodiversity in Solanum dulcamara

杜卡马拉茄化学多样性的分子调控和生态后果

• 批准号: 433090398
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Nicole M. van Dam
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Forschungsgruppe Pflanzen und ihre biotischen Interaktionen
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/433090398?language=en
• 关键词: Molecular; regulation; ecological; consequences; chemodiversity

Solanum dulcamara plants produce a large variety of steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), which may provide resistance to herbivores and pathogens. In the first phase, we focused on two leaf SGA chemotypes: plants with SGAs that are unsaturated at the C5,6 bond (U) and those producing also saturated (S) SGAs. Our aim was to identify additional levels of chemodiversity in these SGA chemotypes as well as to study the ecological consequences. Using LC-qTOF-MS analysis, we found that root metabolic profiles of U and S chemotypes are more similar than those of their leaves. Primary and adventitious roots contain different subsets of SGAs, and, like flowers, also produce oxygenated glycosteroids. Using synthetic steroidal compounds, we are now testing how these small structural differences affect herbivores in bioassays. A common garden experiment was designed with P1, P5 and P7. Manipulating U and S chemotype frequencies revealed that both individual chemotype and plot chemodiversity affected fruit and seed production. These data will be shared with P9 for modelling evolutionary trajectories. Together with P8 we assembled and annotated the genome of one S chemotype. Combined with herbivore and jasmonate induction experiments, we identified genes involved in the regulation, biosynthesis and transport of SGAs as well as terpene synthases. In a second phase, we aim to understand how root chemodiversity influences belowground interactions and how intra-individual chemodiversity is molecularly regulated. We will expand our comparative analyses of leaf, root and flower metabolite profiles by adding field-collected individuals from P3. Using the R-package developed by P10, we will analyse whether roots overall have lower levels of intraspecific chemodiversity than leaves or flowers as in P1, P3 and P5. We propose to synthesise the knowledge gained in a conceptual paper with the other projects in the Research Unit to explore the fundamental question of “how to define an individual chemotype?”. Using a sub-set representing contrasting root metabolite profiles, we will test how root chemodiversity impacts interactions with root herbivores, nematodes and beneficial microbes (with P7). In addition, we will assess how these different belowground interactions will impact leaf metabolite profiles and aboveground herbivores. The plant and herbivore performance data will be shared with P9 for modelling. Finally, with P8 we will use the genomic data generated in the first phase to analyse the molecular regulation of intra-individual variation in SGAs and terpenoids among organs within a plant. We will participate in the COR chemodiversity-plasticity experiment by providing elemental (C, N, P) analyses.

dulcamara Solanum dulcamara植物产生多种甾体糖生物碱（甾体糖生物碱），可能对食草动物和病原体具有抗性。在第一阶段，我们重点研究了两种叶片SGA化学型：具有c5,6键(U)不饱和SGAs的植物和产生饱和(S) SGAs的植物。我们的目的是确定这些SGA化学型中的其他化学多样性水平，并研究其生态后果。通过LC-qTOF-MS分析，我们发现U和S化学型的根代谢谱比叶片代谢谱更相似。原生根和不定根含有不同的SGAs亚群，并且，像花一样，也产生含氧糖类固醇。使用合成类固醇化合物，我们现在正在生物分析中测试这些微小的结构差异如何影响食草动物。以P1、P5和P7为对照，设计普通园林试验。操纵U和S化学型频率表明，个体化学型和小区化学多样性都影响果实和种子的生产。这些数据将与P9共享，用于模拟进化轨迹。与P8一起，我们组装并注释了一个S化学型的基因组。结合草食和茉莉酸诱导实验，我们确定了参与SGAs和萜烯合成酶调控、生物合成和运输的基因。在第二阶段，我们的目标是了解根化学多样性如何影响地下相互作用，以及个体内化学多样性如何受到分子调控。我们将扩大我们的叶片、根和花的代谢物谱的比较分析，增加从P3现场收集的个体。利用P10开发的r包，我们将分析根系是否总体上比P1、P3和P5的叶片或花具有更低的种内化学多样性水平。我们建议将在概念性论文中获得的知识与研究单位的其他项目相结合，以探索“如何定义个体化学型？”的基本问题。使用代表不同根代谢物谱的子集，我们将测试根化学多样性如何影响与根食草动物、线虫和有益微生物的相互作用（与P7）。此外，我们将评估这些不同的地下相互作用如何影响叶片代谢物剖面和地上食草动物。植物和食草动物的性能数据将与P9共享，用于建模。最后，通过P8，我们将使用第一阶段产生的基因组数据来分析植物器官间SGAs和萜类物质个体内变异的分子调控。我们将通过提供元素（C， N， P）分析参与COR化学多样性-可塑性实验。