Personality-Homophily in Residential Choice

居住选择中的性格同质性

• 批准号: 511359149
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Tobias Ebert
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Department of Psychology and Logopedics
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/511359149?language=en
• 关键词: Personality; Homophily; Residential; Choice

Our personality predicts into which environments we select ourselves, for example, which situations, social relationships, or jobs we enter. However, people do not only change their situations, social relationships, or jobs—they also frequently change their place of residence. To illustrate, each year 15% of the US-population change their residency. Does personality also predict into which residential contexts we select ourselves? This question has far-reaching psychological consequences; and, yet, it is largely unanswered. I try to close this gap in the literature and argue that personality traits are an overlooked determinant of residential choice. Specifically, I derive the hypothesis that persons show personality-homophily in residential choice (PHRC), that is, they select themselves into areas where other people with similar personality traits already reside. Investigating PHRC is important, because from a psychological perspective there are plausible reasons to expect that personality-homophily shapes residential choice. However, existing research on homophily in residential choice has focused on socioeconomic and ethnic characteristics and neglected personality traits entirely. To investigate PHRC, I focus on the Big Five personality traits and argue that PHRC is particularly likely to occur for the personality trait of openness. In three work packages (WP), I will try to demonstrate PHRC and identify its boundary conditions and underlying processes. WP1 uses large cross-sectional data from the US to demonstrate the existence of PHRC and investigate whether PHRC is a geographically universal and temporally stable phenomenon. WP2 combines cross-sectional and panel data in two countries (US and GB) to replicate WP1 and investigate under which conditions (e.g., life events, reasons for moving) PHRC occurs. WP3 uses a newly developed experimental setup to test the underlying processes of PHRC (are people attracted by structural features or do they want to live under similar people?) in a series of experiments. All WPs are designed to uncover the unique effects of PHRC on residential choice (i.e., above and beyond established socioeconomic and ethnic selection effects). If PHRC has a unique effect on residential choice, this would have far-reaching consequences: For one thing, this would mean that geographical personality differences are not (only) the result of established selection effects, but (also) the result of a psychological selection. For another thing, the project seeks to demonstrate that personality traits are much more important for understanding moving behaviour than previously thought.

我们的性格预测了我们选择自己进入的环境，例如，我们进入的情况，社会关系或工作。然而，人们不仅改变他们的处境、社会关系或工作，他们还经常改变他们的居住地。举例来说，每年有15%的美国人口改变他们的居住地。性格是否也能预测我们选择的居住环境？这个问题具有深远的心理后果;然而，它在很大程度上没有得到解答。我试图缩小文献中的这一差距，并认为性格特征是住宅选择的一个被忽视的决定因素。具体来说，我得出的假设，即人表现出个性同质性的住宅选择（PHRC），也就是说，他们选择自己的地区，其他人具有相似的人格特质已经居住。调查PHRC是很重要的，因为从心理学的角度来看，有合理的理由预期，个性同质性形状的住宅选择。然而，现有的住宅选择同质性的研究主要集中在社会经济和民族特征，而完全忽视了人格特征。为了研究PHRC，我专注于大五人格特质，并认为PHRC特别可能发生的开放性人格特质。在三个工作包（WP）中，我将尝试演示PHRC并确定其边界条件和基本过程。WP 1使用来自美国的大型横截面数据来证明PHRC的存在，并调查PHRC是否是一个地理上普遍和时间上稳定的现象。WP 2结合了两个国家（美国和英国）的横截面和面板数据，以复制WP 1并调查在何种条件下（例如，生活事件，移动的原因）PHRC发生。WP 3使用一个新开发的实验装置来测试PHRC的潜在过程（人们是被结构特征所吸引，还是想生活在类似的人下面？）在一系列的实验中。所有WP都旨在揭示PHRC对住宅选择的独特影响（即，超越既定的社会经济和种族选择效应）。如果PHRC对住宅选择有独特的影响，这将产生深远的影响：一方面，这意味着地理个性差异不仅是既定选择效应的结果，而且是心理选择的结果。另一方面，该项目试图证明，性格特征对于理解移动行为比以前认为的更重要。