Theoretical and Empirical Investigations of the Dynamics of Homophily and its Impact on Students' Achievement, Decisions, and Well-Being

同质动态及其对学生成绩、决策和幸福感影响的理论和实证研究

• 批准号: 2018554
• 负责人: Matthew Jackson
• 金额: $ 39.38万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2018554&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Theoretical; Empirical; Investigations; Dynamics; Homophily

People are more likely to interact with individuals like themselves. One word to describe this is ‘homophily’; when this is the case, people have biased social connections. This homophily affects people’s sources of information, opportunities, behaviors, and support. As a result, homophily may have important social effects. This project will use game theory and data analysis to study homophily and its consequences. The data portion will track the evolution of social connections over time, primarily in school settings. The project will examine (i) how homophily evolves and changes as students spend more time in a given setting and (ii) trace the impact of that homophily on students’ psychological well-being, achievements, and decisions about course selection and fields of study. The team will also use mathematical techniques to build modes of (i) how friendships and homophily patterns evolve over time and (ii) models of how homophily and social learning help and hinder people in learning about the potential benefits of specific decisions. The results will help us learn how social interactions aid and hinder both students and the broader society.The project will provide new data, facts, models, and understandings of the dynamic evolution of homophily, how it differs across traits, and how it depends on traits such as risk aversion and empathy. This includes work on how friendship and study partner networks evolve among students. The team plans to test causal hypotheses using data on student interaction patterns, perceived well-being, stress levels, and academic achievement. The new theory will focus on network formation and the evolution of homophily over time. The first new model will differentiate between characteristics that are easily observed by agents, such as gender and ethnicity, and other that take repeated interactions to observe, such as specific personality characteristics. The second model will example the impact of homophily. It will consider how people make decisions based on information that they learn from friends’ experiences. The team wants to determine whether and how homophily exacerbates herding behavior, whether herding behavior can differ across groups, and whether groups can crowd each other out. Additional work will focus on how the efficiency and diversity of choices made by individuals depends on the level of homophily, the diversity of a group’s aptitudes across actions, and the riskiness of the various actions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

人们更有可能与像自己这样的个人互动。描述这一点的一个词是“同性的”；在这种情况下，人们会偏向社会联系。这种同质影响人们的信息，机会，行为和支持的来源。结果，同质性可能会产生重要的社会影响。该项目将使用游戏理论和数据分析来研究同质及其后果。数据部分将跟踪社交联系的演变，随着时间的流逝，在学校环境中的主要基础。该项目将研究（i）同层在给定的环境中花费更多的时间，以及（ii）对同质性的心理健康，成就，成就以及对课程选择和研究领域的决定的影响。该团队还将使用数学技术来构建（i）朋友职业和同质模式如何随着时间的流逝而发展，以及（ii）同层和社会学习的模型，并阻碍人们学习特定决策的潜在好处。结果将有助于我们学习社会互动如何帮助学生和更广泛的社会。该项目将提供新的数据，事实，模型和对同质性动态演变的理解，其在特征之间的差异以及如何取决于风险厌恶和同情等性状。这包括有关友谊和学习合作伙伴网络如何发展的工作。该团队计划使用有关学生互动模式，感知的幸福感，压力水平和学术成就的数据来检验因果假设。新理论将集中于网络形成和同层随着时间的流逝的演变。第一个新模型将区分诸如性别和种族之类的代理人易于观察到的特征，以及其他重复相互作用以观察的特征，例如特定的人格特征。第二个模型将示例同质的影响。它将考虑人们如何根据他们从朋友的经历中学到的信息做出决定。该团队想确定同性化的行为是否以及如何加剧牛群的行为，各个群体是否会有所不同，以及群体是否可以互相拥挤。其他工作将集中于个人做出选择的效率和多样性如何依赖于同质的水平，团体跨行动的才能的多样性以及各种行动的风险。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过使用基金会的智力和更广泛影响的评估来审查Criteria来通过评估来获得支持的珍贵的。

项目成果

Systemic Risk in Financial Networks: A Survey

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-083120-111540
• 发表时间: 2021-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECONOMICS, VOL 13, 2021
• 作者: Jackson, Matthew O.;Pernoud, Agathe
• 通讯作者: Pernoud, Agathe

Centrality measures in networks

• DOI: 10.1007/s00355-023-01456-4
• 发表时间: 2016-08
• 期刊: Social Choice and Welfare
• 影响因子: 0.9
• 作者: Francis Bloch;M. Jackson;Pietro Tebaldi

Interacting regional policies in containing a disease

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021520118
• 发表时间: 2021-05-11
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Chandrasekhar, Arun G.;Goldsmith-Pinkham, Paul;Thau, Samuel
• 通讯作者: Thau, Samuel

Social Interactions and Legislative Activity

社会互动和立法活动

• DOI: 10.1093/jeea/jvac051
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of the European Economic Association
• 影响因子: 3.6
• 作者: Canen, Nathan;Jackson, Matthew O.;Trebbi, Francesco
• 通讯作者: Trebbi, Francesco