Mixed-methods study to develop and pilot a modular evaluation tool for patient and public involvement in health services research

患者和公众参与研究是一个在国际上迅速发展的研究领域，最近在德国也是如此。随着研究资助者和科学期刊越来越多地鼓励PPI，实施也在加快。到目前为止，关于结果和影响的证据很少，主要是基于叙事性研究。有必要产生更有力的证据，以了解哪种PPI方法在哪些情况下效果最好，以及有什么效果。为了促进德国PPI研究领域的科学发展和实施，本项目的目标是：1.确立评价理念；2.开发模块化评价工具；3.试行模块化评价工具。混合方法研究分为三个阶段。在第一阶段，将通过基于网络的调查以及通过与卫生服务研究领域的研究人员和患者进行焦点小组访谈来探索PPI有意义和成功的方面。结果随后在联合设计研讨会上讨论，在研讨会上，研究人员、患者和其他利益相关者同意基于逻辑模型的评估框架。在第二阶段，对购买力平价指数进行评估的国际可用工具中的项目被演绎地分配给商定的评估框架。此外，还将与研究人员和患者一起进行认知预测测试和定性审查，以完善项目库并开发评估工具。在第三阶段，将在基于网络的调查中试行模块化评估工具，其中包括面向研究人员和患者的模块。该项目的研究结果使我们有可能与国际发展中的购买力平价研究领域联系起来，并解决相关的研究差距。此外，评价框架及其在模块化评价工具中的可操作性为德国卫生服务研究中PPI的实施和评价提供了实践指导。

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in research is a research field that is rapidly developing internationally and recently also in Germany. As research funders and scientific journals increasingly encourage PPI, implementation is also accelerating. So far, there is only weak evidence regarding the outcomes and impacts, which are mainly based on narrative studies. There is a need to generate stronger evidence to understand which PPI approaches work best, in which contexts and with what effects. For a scientific development of the research field and the implementation of PPI in Germany, this project aims at 1. establishing an evaluation concept 2. developing a modular evaluation tool 3. piloting a modular evaluation tool The mixed-method study comprises three phases. In the first phase, meaningful and successful aspects of PPI will be explored in a web-based survey as well as through focus group interviews with researchers from the field of health services research and patients. The results are then discussed in a codesign workshop in which researchers, patients and further stakeholders consent on an evaluation framework based on a LOGIC model. In the second phase, items from internationally available instruments that evalute PPI are deductively assigned to the consented evaluation framework. Further items are developed based on the focus groups from phase 1. In addition, cognitive pretests and qualitative review will be conducted with researchers and patients in order to refine the item pool and develop an evaluation tool. In the third phase, the modular evaluation tool with modules for researchers and patients will be piloted in a web-based survey. The findings from this project make it possible to connect to the internationally developing field of PPI in research and to address relevant research gaps. Moreover, the evaluation framework and its operationalization in a modular evaluation tool provide practical instructions for the implementation and evaluation of PPI in health services research in Germany.