Aquatic FUNgal biodiversity: developing knowledge and strAtegies to inform ConservaTION priorities and measures

水生真菌（AF）确保淡水和河口生态系统的健康，功能和恢复力。然而，它们的生物多样性却被忽视，而且在很大程度上不为人知。因此，他们被排除在所有主要的保护计划和政策之外。我们假设，目前的保护区（PA）设想，例如在自然2000年网络和拉姆萨尔公约缺乏战略保护区，以维持AF的多样性和多功能性。由于测序技术的进步和FUNACTION合作伙伴的跨学科专业知识，我们将首次建立有关AF分类学，系统发育和功能多样性的知识，以制定AF意识的保护策略。FUNACTION将i）建立一个泛欧洲真菌生物多样性地图，以确定数据驱动保护所需的欧洲层面AF多样性的模式和驱动因素（WP 1;主题1）; ii）测试和评估AF多样性（分类，系统发育和功能）在PA与非PA的不同时空尺度上的适用性，以及保护AF多样性，功能和服务的有效性（工作方案2;主题1、2、3）; iii）建立必要的知识库和战略，以便能够进行监测（例如，根据2000/60/EC WFD）和保护AF（在2030年欧盟生物多样性战略框架内设想新保护区）和相关生态系统功能（工作方案3，4;主题1，3）和将其扩大到全球范围的准则;以及iv）确保有效地参与、沟通和向公众、利益相关者传播信息（国家，欧洲和全球管理者和决策者）和科学界（WP 5）。AF多样性的泛欧模式（WP 1）将通过对16个国家进行抽样来实现，以补充我们的爱沙尼亚FunAqua项目合作伙伴收集和提供的数据集。来自26个欧洲国家的500个研究中心）。为了确保欧洲范围内广泛的地理范围和具有代表性的生物气候和环境梯度，将在所有伙伴国家（爱沙尼亚、德国、意大利、葡萄牙、瑞典和瑞士）进行个案研究（工作方案2）。我们尖端的元条形码和宏基因组分析将提供真菌和真核生物多样性和功能的独特观点，这些观点与气候，土地利用和其他关键环境变量一起将转化为协调的指导方针和欧洲有效管理和保护规划的例子。为了实现这些目标，基金会召集了一个跨国、跨学科专家联合会（包括：世界自然保护联盟），这将允许交流高度互补的技能和专门知识，以及下一代科学家和管理人员的流动和培训，从而提高欧洲在这一领域的能力，带来持久的跨国利益。FUNACTION将启动一个长期合作网络，以评估、参与和保护AF生物多样性。

Aquatic fungi (AF) ensure the health, function, and resilience of freshwater and estuarine ecosystems. Yet, their biodiversity is overlooked and largely unknown. Thus, they are excluded from all major conservation plans and policies. We hypothesise that current protected areas (PAs) envisioned for instance in the Natura 2000 network and by Ramsar convention lack strategic conservation areas to sustain AF diversity and multi-functionality. For the first time, thanks to technological advances in sequencing and the combined transdisciplinary expertise of FUNACTION partners, we will build knowledge about AF taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity to develop AF-aware strategies for conservation. FUNACTION will i) build a pan-European map of fungal biodiversity to identify patterns and drivers of AF diversity at European level as needed for data-driven conservation (WP1; THEME1); ii) test and assess AF diversity (taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional) across the different spatio-temporal scales in PA vs. Non-PA for their suitability, and effectiveness in protecting AF diversity, functions and services (WP2; THEME1,2,3); iii) build the knowledge base and strategies necessary to enable monitoring (e.g. under 2000/60/EC WFD) and conservation of AF (envisioning new PAs in the framework of EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030) and associated ecosystem functions (WP3,4; THEME1,3) and guidelines to expand them to the global scale; and iv) ensure effective engagement, communication, and dissemination of information to the public, stakeholders (national, European, and global managers and policy-makers), and the scientific community (WP5). Pan-European patterns of AF diversity (WP1) will be achieved by sampling 16 countries to complement datasets collected and made available by our Estonian FunAqua project partners (ca. 500 sites from 26 European countries). To ensure a broad geographical range within Europe and representative bioclimatic and environmental gradients, case-studies in all partner countries (Estonia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Sweden and Switzerland) (WP2) will be established. Our cutting-edge metabarcoding and metagenomic analyses will provide unique views of fungal and eukaryotic diversity and function that together with climate, land use and other key environmental variables will be translated into harmonised guidelines and examples for effective management and conservation planning in Europe. To achieve these goals, FUNACTION gathered a consortium of transnational, interdisciplinary experts (incl. IUCN) which will allow exchange of highly complementary skills and expertise, and mobility and training of the next generation of scientists and managers, thereby increasing European competence in this area with lasting transnational benefits. FUNACTION will initiate a longstanding collaborative network to assess, engage, and conserve to the benefit of AF biodiversity.