Collaborative Proposal: MRA: Macroecology of microorganisms: Scaling fungal biodiversity from soil cores to the North American continent

合作提案：MRA：微生物宏观生态学：将真菌生物多样性从土壤核心扩展到北美大陆

• 批准号: 1926335
• 负责人: Kabir Peay
• 金额: $ 36.97万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-10-01 至 2024-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1926335&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; MRA; Macroecology; microorganisms

Soil fungi are mostly invisible to the naked eye, but they provide a wide range of ecosystem functions: as decomposers, they break down complex organic materials, and as plant symbiotic partners, they help plants scavenge for scarce nutrients that improve growth. Because both these roles involve a transfer of critical elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, these fungi play an essential part in global nutrient budgets. Soil fungi can also regulate ecosystems by acting as pathogens of plants and animals. In some cases, pathogenic fungi can have detrimental impacts such as crop disease outbreaks, but more commonly, they promote biodiversity on a global scale by preventing any single species from dominating the ecosystem. Despite their role in regulating these critical ecosystem functions, little is known about what determines the structure of fungal communities across the North American continent, and what consequences future changes in fungal community structure may have. One of the main barriers to this research goal is the lack of a large-scale, systematic effort to sample and identify soil fungi. This research project will overcome this barrier by quantifying patterns of soil fungal diversity using two new, next-generation DNA sequencing datasets that characterize soil fungal communities across the North American continent: the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) and the Dimensions of Biodiversity project on North American soil fungi (DoB-FUN). By leveraging state-of-the-art modeling techniques to consider not only how soil fungi change with the environment, but how those changes may depend on their neighboring plant communities, this project will transform our understanding of soil microbial diversity.By integrating two of the most extensive datasets on soil fungal communities with nearly identical sampling design, molecular methods, and spatial range, the investigators will have an unprecedented opportunity to answer two key questions about the fundamental factors that structure microbial geographic ranges and biodiversity. (1) What are the key environmental variables, and (2) how are they influenced by the interactions and associations between fungi and plants? The researchers will leverage this information with a novel three-pronged approach to modeling biodiversity at the community-level: top-down, bottom-up, and integrated methods. This approach overcomes a significant limitation in previous studies, which fail to account for the importance of species interactions in controlling microbial distributions. The novel data and models will help solve critical challenges in scaling predictions from microorganisms to macrosystems. In the context of rapid environmental change, this project can make some of the first robust predictions of change and uncertainty in microbial diversity at the continental scale. While preliminary results have already highlighted the possibility for substantial future changes in fungal community composition and geographic distribution, the synthesis of top-down, bottom-up, and integrated modeling approaches will lead to significant advances in our understanding of fungal biogeography and the ability to forecast the response of fungi to future environmental stressors.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

土壤真菌大多是肉眼看不见的，但是它们提供了广泛的生态系统功能：作为分解器，它们分解了复杂的有机材料，并且作为植物共生伙伴，它们有助于植物植物对改善生长的稀缺营养。由于这两个角色都涉及关键因素（例如碳，氮和磷）的转移，因此这些真菌在全球营养预算中起着至关重要的作用。土壤真菌还可以通过充当动植物的病原体来调节生态系统。在某些情况下，致病真菌会产生有害的影响，例如作物疾病暴发，但更常见的是，它们通过防止任何单一物种主导生态系统来促进全球范围内的生物多样性。尽管它们在调节这些关键生态系统功能方面的作用，但对决定整个北美大陆真菌群落结构的结构以及真菌群落结构的未来变化可能会有什么影响。这项研究目标的主要障碍之一是缺乏大规模，系统的努力来采样和识别土壤真菌。该研究项目将通过使用两个新的，下一代的DNA测序数据集来量化土壤真菌多样性的模式来克服这一障碍，这些数据集是北美大陆上土壤真菌群落的特征：国家生态天文台网络（NEON）和北美土壤Fungi（DOB-FUN）的生物多样性项目的尺寸。通过利用最先进的建模技术来不仅考虑土壤真菌如何与环境变化，还可以考虑这些变化如何取决于其邻近的植物社区，该项目将改变我们对土壤微生物多样性的理解。通过将两个最广泛的数据集整合到土壤真菌群落上的两个最广泛的数据集与几乎相同的相同的问题，并将其回答的问题与分子范围相似，并有一个分子范围，并且是分子范围的，研究了，研究了，这些范围是不合时宜的。结构微生物地理范围和生物多样性的基本因素。 （1）什么是关键的环境变量，（2）它们如何受到真菌与植物之间的相互作用和关联的影响？研究人员将通过一种新颖的三管齐下的方法来利用这些信息来建模社区级别的生物多样性：自上而下，自下而上和综合方法。这种方法克服了以前的研究的一个重要局限性，这些研究无法说明物种相互作用在控制微生物分布中的重要性。新型数据和模型将有助于解决从微生物到宏观系统扩展预测的关键挑战。在快速环境变化的背景下，该项目可以在大陆规模上对微生物多样性的变化和不确定性进行一些强大的预测。虽然初步结果已经强调了真菌社区组成和地理分布的重大变化的可能性，但自上而下，自下而上和集成的建模方法的综合将导致我们对真菌生物地理地理的理解的显着进步，并能够通过对未来的环境压力的响应来预测nsf的响应。智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准。

项目成果

Optimal Allocation Ratios: A Square Root Relationship between the Ratios of Symbiotic Costs and Benefits

最优分配比率：共生成本与收益比率之间的平方根关系

• DOI: 10.1086/716182
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The American Naturalist
• 作者: Steidinger, Brian S.;Peay, Kabir G.
• 通讯作者: Peay, Kabir G.

Stepping forward from relevance in mycorrhizal ecology

从菌根生态学的相关性向前迈进

• DOI: 10.1111/nph.16432
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: New Phytologist
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Smith, Gabriel R.;Peay, Kabir G.
• 通讯作者: Peay, Kabir G.

Ectomycorrhizal fungal diversity predicted to substantially decline due to climate changes in North American Pinaceae forests

• DOI: 10.1111/jbi.13802
• 发表时间: 2020-01
• 期刊: Journal of Biogeography
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: B. Steidinger;Jennifer M. Bhatnagar;R. Vilgalys;John W. Taylor;Clara Qin;K. Zhu;T. Bruns;K. Peay