Efficiency and utilization benefits of five-phase squirrel cage induction and permanent magnet synchronous machines with third harmonic voltage injection

创新课题：本研究项目的目标是系统比较脉冲宽度调制逆变供电的三相和五相鼠笼感应（SCIM）和永磁电机（PMSM）在给定定子绕组温升下的最大效率，总损耗比转矩和每体积转矩。项目内容：调研采用知名厂家标准三相感应电机（15kw, 1474 /min, 400v）和标准三相逆变器。对于相同的机械、电气、热学和几何约束，对五相SCIM和三相和五相PMSM进行了分析和数值设计。这四台机器已经建成，并将进行实验研究来验证理论结果。前期工作：通过分析和数值计算，为一家汽车供应商设计了几个五阶段SCIMs。在带式起动发电机的特殊应用中，研究了五相SCIMs与pmms的优缺点。基本研究结果已经发表或正在准备发表。该项目的目标：由于三相与五相SCIMs和pmms在可实现的效率和电机利用率方面的全面比较仍然缺失，在相同的有效质量下进行理论和实验比较将突出从三相增加到五相以及第三次谐波注入的可能好处。拟研究项目应回答以下问题：a)额定运行时：从3相增加到5相时，每总损耗比转矩如何变化？五相电机比三相电机运行效率更高吗？如果应用三次谐波注入，效率提高了多少？b)在逆变器电流极限处的最大可实现转矩（过载能力）是否可以通过将三相增加到五相来增加？c)从3相增加到5相对转子拓扑结构有何影响？对SCIM的转子条数和偏斜角度进行分析。对永磁同步电机的磁体布置（埋地、表面、v形）进行分析。d)最大转矩和效率方面的性能如何在磁场减弱范围内，由三相增加到五相？e)从3相增加到5相对噪声、振动和转矩脉动有何影响？使用三相或三相电机的最终建议以及设计和应用三次谐波电压注入的一般规则应作为项目的最终输出。将制定关于五阶段供应链管理和pmsm利益的一般规则。这些结果将有助于判断增加的系统复杂性是否值得五相变速驱动器的好处。

Subject of innovation: The objective of this research project is the systematic comparison of pulse width modulation inverter-fed three- and five-phase squirrel cage induction (SCIM) and permanent magnet machines (PMSM) concerning maximum efficiency, torque per total loss ratio and torque per volume at a given temperature rise of the stator winding. Content of the project: The investigation is based on a standard three-phase induction motor (15 kW, 1474 /min, 400 V) and a standard three-phase inverter from well-known manufacturers. For the same mechanical, electrical, thermal and geometrical constraints, a five-phase SCIM and a three- and five-phase PMSM are analytically and numerically designed. The four machines are built and an experimental study shall verify the theoretical results. Preliminary work: Analytical and numerical calculations led to the design of several five-phase SCIMs for an automotive supplier. The benefits and drawbacks of five-phase SCIMs versus PMSMs for the special application of a belt-starter-generator were worked on. Basic findings were published or are in preparation for publication. Objective of the project: As a thorough comparison of three- versus five-phase SCIMs and PMSMs concerning achievable efficiency and motor utilization is still missing, a theoretical and experimental comparison at identical active mass will highlight the possible benefit of an increase of phases from three to five and of the third harmonic injection. The following questions shall be answered by the proposed research project: a) At rated operation: How does the torque per total loss ratio change by the increase of phases from three to five? Do five-phase machines operate more efficient than three-phase machines? How much does the efficiency improve if third harmonic injection is applied? b) Can the maximum achievable torque (overload capability) at the inverter current limit be increased by an increase of phases from three to five? c) How is the rotor topology influenced by the increase of phases from three to five? The number of rotor bars and the skewing angle shall be analyzed for the SCIM. The magnet arrangement (buried, surface, V-shape) shall be analyzed for the PMSM. d) How is the performance in terms of maximum torque and efficiency influenced in field weakening range by an increase of phases from three to five? e) How is the acoustic noise, the vibration and the torque ripple influenced by the increase of phases from three to five? A final recommendation for the use of three- or five-phase machines and general rules for design and application of third harmonic voltage injection shall be the final output of the project. General rules on the benefits of five-phase SCIMs and PMSMs will be set up. These results shall help to judge if the increased system complexity is worth the benefits of five-phase variable speed drives.