Identification of the technical potential of permanent magnet Flux-Switching-Machines compared to rotor-excited PM synchronous machines

在传统的永磁同步电机中，磁铁（例如钕铁硼磁铁）位于旋转部分（转子），因此只能对磁铁进行有限的冷却。因此，磁体中典型的连续工作温度为150°C - 180°C。因此，只有使用含有添加剂（例如镝）或钐钴（SmCo）的钕铁硼磁铁才能实现持续高温。钐钴磁体的剩余磁通密度较低，价格比钕铁硼磁体贵，但镝的加入也使钕铁硼磁体的成本显著增加。或者，机器的磁铁可以安装在固定部分（定子）。因此，磁体靠近定子冷却回路，磁体中的温度通常可以保持在100℃以下。因此，可以使用含有较少甚至不含镝的廉价高剩余物磁铁。这些机器的转子是无绕组和无磁性的，坚固耐用。定子可采用价格低廉的齿线圈，但必须合理设计磁铁的建设性固定。近年来，定子安装磁体的三种不同拓扑结构得到了越来越多的关注：双显形永磁体（DSPM）机、磁通反转机（FRM）和磁通开关永磁体（FSPM）机。现有的研究表明，在相同的热利用率下，FSPM-Machine实现了最高的扭矩密度。该项目的目标是比较给定性能要求的三种机器，并定量记录FSPM-Machine的预期优势。该项目的另一个目标是开发一种方法学方法，用于设计功率范围高达150 kW的磁通开关机，作为高扭矩驱动器，用于高达3000 /min的中低速范围。电磁、热、机械和结构设计标准应以协调的步骤制定，并通过使用原型机进行测量验证。在可实现的电磁利用率、效率、转换器利用率和故障（如短路）情况下的性能方面，应将磁通开关机的原型与<s:1> Elektrische Energiewandlung研究所现有的同类传统永磁同步机进行比较。由此，应推导出一般适用于磁通开关机的设计规则，并应强调与传统机器相比，这种类型的机器的优点和缺点。

In conventional permanent magnet synchronous machines, the magnets (e.g. neodymium-iron-boron-(NdFeB)-magnets) are on the rotating part (rotor), where only a limited cooling of the magnets is possible. Thus, typical continuous operating temperatures in the magnets are at 150 °C - 180 °C. So high continuous temperatures are only possible with NdFeB-magnets with additives (e.g. dysprosium) or samarium-cobalt (SmCo) must be used. SmCo-magnets have a lower remanence flux density and are more expensive than NdFeB-magnets, but also the dysprosium increases the cost of NdFeB-magnets significantly. Alternatively, the magnets of the machine can be mounted in the stationary part (stator). Due to this, the magnets are close to the stator cooling circuit and the temperature in the magnets can in general be kept below 100 °C. Therefore, cheap and highly remanent magnets with less or even without dysprosium can be used. The rotor of those machines is winding- and magnet-free and robust. In the stator, inexpensive tooth coils can be used, but the constructive fixation of the magnets must be designed rationally. Three different topologies with stator mounted magnets have gained increased attention in recent years: Doubly-Salient-Permanent-Magnet-(DSPM)-Machine, Flux-Reversal-Machine (FRM) and Flux-Switching-Permanent-Magnet-(FSPM)-Machine. Existing investigations suggest that the FSPM-Machine achieves the highest torque densities at the same thermal utilization. A goal of this project is the comparison of the three machines for a given performance requirement and to document quantitatively the expected advantages of the FSPM-Machine. Another aim of the project is to develop a methodological approach for the design of Flux-Switching-Machines in the power range up to 150 kW as high-torque drives for the lower and medium speed range up to 3000 /min. The electromagnetic, thermal, mechanical and constructive design criteria should be worked out in coordinated steps and validated by measurements using a prototype machine. A prototype of the Flux-Switching-Machine should be compared with a comparable, at the Institut für Elektrische Energiewandlung available, conventional PM synchronous machine with regard to the achievable electromagnetic utilization, efficiency, converter utilization and the performance in case of a failure (such as a short circuit).From that, general applicable design rules for Flux-Switching-Machines should be derived and the advantages and disadvantages of this type of machine should be emphasized compared to conventional machines.