Evolutionary mechanisms underlying divergence in bill morphology and the timing of breeding using whole genome analysis

使用全基因组分析揭示喙形态差异和繁殖时间的进化机制

• 批准号: 513826576
• 负责人: Dr. Juan Francisco Masello
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Verhaltensforschung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/513826576?language=en
• 关键词: Evolutionary; mechanisms; underlying; divergence; bill

Animals have evolved into a huge diversity of forms exploiting a wide arrangement of trophic niches, a process that can be controlled by evolutionary mechanisms and limits on available ecological niches. The diversity of forms and their interactions ensure the functioning of the ecosystems, forming one of the most essential bases of life. To fully comprehend the origin of biodiversity, we need to understand speciation, a fundamental evolutionary process. Between taxa still sufficiently closely related to produce viable offspring, speciation may be facilitated by introgressive hybridization, which provides genes for both adaptation and reproductive isolation. Prions (Pachyptila spp.) are seabirds distinguished by bill morphology (thin to broad, with or without lamellae) and distinct breeding schedules. The genus comprises a rapid Plio-Pleistocene radiation characterised by incomplete reproductive isolation, which manifests itself in inter-specific introgression. Although speciation through homoploid hybridization (HHS) is considered extremely rare in animals because the establishment of reproductive isolation as a product of hybridization is uncommon, we have shown previously that the medium-billed Salvin’s prion (P. salvini) could be a hybrid species between the narrow-billed Antarctic prion (P. desolata) and broad-billed prion (P. vittata) (Mol.Biol.Evol.36:1671–1685). However, unlike most hybrid species, Salvin's prion possesses phenotypically intermediate traits, suggesting that additivity of divergent parental traits alone can lead directly to both increased hybrid fitness and reproductive isolation. That hybridisation could lead to increased hybrid fitness and reproductive isolation, suggests the pleiotropic action of certain genes or groups of genes among these seabirds, however on the other hand, intermediate hybrid phenotypes speak against the notion of speciation through divergence islands, a recent idea previously hypothesised for the evolution of several hybrid systems. Given the intriguing nature of the Pachyptila system, comprising speciation through both divergence and introgression, and with the latter potentially leading to additive hybrid phenotypes, we propose using this genus as a model to first test the hypothesis of homoploid hybrid speciation for P. salvini and secondly to quantify adaptive variation with this system using whole genomes.

动物已经进化成一个巨大的多样性的形式，利用广泛的营养位的安排，一个过程，可以控制的进化机制和限制可用的生态位。形式的多样性及其相互作用确保了生态系统的功能，形成了生命最重要的基础之一。为了充分理解生物多样性的起源，我们需要了解物种形成，这是一个基本的进化过程。在亲缘关系仍然足够近的类群之间，物种形成可能通过渐渗杂交来促进，渐渗杂交提供了适应和生殖隔离的基因。朊病毒（Pachyptila属）是一种海鸟，以喙的形态（薄至宽，有或没有鳃）和独特的繁殖时间表来区分。该属包括一个快速上新世更新世辐射特征不完全生殖隔离，这表明在种间渗入。虽然通过同倍体杂交（HHS）的物种形成在动物中被认为是极其罕见的，因为作为杂交产物的生殖隔离的建立是罕见的，但是我们先前已经表明，中嘴萨尔文氏朊病毒（P. salvini）可能是窄嘴南极朊病毒（P. desolata）和宽嘴朊病毒（P. vittata）之间的杂交种（Mol.Biol.Evol.36：1671-1685）。然而，与大多数杂交种不同，萨尔文朊病毒具有表型中间性状，表明不同的亲本性状的加性单独可以直接导致增加混合健身和生殖隔离。杂交可能会导致增加混合健身和生殖隔离，这表明这些海鸟中的某些基因或基因组的多效性作用，但另一方面，中间混合表型发言反对物种形成的概念，通过分歧岛屿，最近的想法以前假设的几个混合系统的进化。鉴于厚堤草系统的有趣性质，包括通过分歧和渐渗进行的物种形成，并且后者可能导致加性杂交表型，我们建议使用该属作为模型，首先检验厚堤草同倍体杂交物种形成的假设。其次，使用全基因组量化该系统的适应性变异。